Women and Devolpment in Northern Africa Essay - 1051 Words

Women and Development in Northern Africa Gender inequality is a massive problem for women and girls and development has begun to take place to over come this injustice to the female population in North Africa and the Middle East. Gender inequality has become an important and visible issue for economies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). I have researched on how women of North Africa are deprived from many opportunities as well as being under educated. The female population has suffered immensely in Africa. Presently, women of Africa, like many women in third world countries have not been included as equal and effective stakeholders in processes that determine their lives. Women of Africa continue to have less access to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"This hampers Africa’s development by excluding the perspectives, skills and dynamism of half the population† (Takyiwaa Manuh). Females are deprived from education because they are not expected to make an econ omic contribution to their families. Studies have found that when girls are educated they have economic opportunities. Their families have more of a stake in their survival and success. Widening access to education for females are critical to economic growth and social development. With access to education and the work force, women and girls are marrying later and are able to take part in household decisions. Women in the Middle East and North Africa are securing additional rights. Women development is growing in the region. Restricting the participation of women in public and economic life limits economic development and national potential. Empowering women and providing opportunities for their full integration into all aspects of society is not just an issue of justice for women but also a vital factor in creating a climate positive to achieving sustainable progress and development. The development of the female population empowers them to work harder and build stronger families, a richer community, and take pride in their progress. Encouragement improves development on all levels for women, which in turn causes regional growth and progress and closing the development gap. As I reflect on the wealth of information from the

Importance of Biodiesel Free Essays

IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL The world’s accessible oil reservoirs are gradually depleting due to a burgeoning demand of fossil fuels. Owing to the enormous dependency of transport vehicles running on gasoline engines, the development of bio-gasoline may well reduce the dependence of the fuel market on fossil fuels. Biofuel development has gained the attention of researchers in recent years owing to the rate of depletion of fossil fuels. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Biodiesel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several processes are currently employed in the conventional production ofdifferent biofuels: the production of biodiesel is catalytically performed either through the transesterification of triglycerides using alcohol or the deoxygenative ecofining of triglycerides in a nonalcoholic environment; bio-oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass; bio-ethanol is produced by thefermentation of sugars obtained from starch or cellulosic based biomass, while bio-gasoline is producedfrom the catalytic cracking of triglycerides. The present work investigates the suitability of mesuaferrea (nahar) oil seed as a source of alternative fuel in CI engines. Non-edible straight vegetable oil obtained from mesuaferreaseeds was extracted using a solvent extraction technique. The catalytic cracking mesuaferrea seed oil to biofuel was studied in a microwave reactor with selected catalysts at . 500-600? C The thermo-physical and chemical properties of straight mesuaferrea oil were determined. The flash point, kinematic viscosity, and density of the straight mesuaferrea oil were found to be much higher than diesel, though the calorific value was found to be lower. The variation in thermo-physical and chemical properties of various blends of straight mesuaferrea oil and diesel were studied after fraction of biofuel products may be obtained at different temp. The present study also report on the use of nahar oil as a potential source of biodiesel that can be used as a partial substitute for fossil fuels. How to cite Importance of Biodiesel, Papers

Comparing Womans Perspective in Average Waves in Essay Example For Students

Comparing Womans Perspective in Average Waves in Essay Unprotected Waters and Everyday Use comparison compare contrast essaysWomans Perspective in Average Waves in Unprotected Waters and Everyday Use Average Waves in Unprotected Waters and Everyday Use Unlike a great deal of literary works created by male authors with the predominant mans viewpoint, the two short stories distinctively portray the womans world from the womans perspective. For instance, the events and conflicts in these two fascinating works are centered upon the domestic details of housekeeping, the education of children, marriage, and weaving quilts etc. Therefore, it is easy to assume that the two stories have much in common regarding those issues. However, it does not hold true in this case. The point in question is that each work draws a totally different portrait based on region, culture and race. The protagonist, Bet, in Average.. . is a white woman who lives with her mentally disabled son in an urban area after her husband ran away. Bet recalls her bitter past tainted with her wrongful judgement about her marriage and the deaths of her parents. Given that her son, Arnold, gets much wilder as he grows up, Bet decided to carry him to the hospital willy-nilly. In the course of the trip to the hospital, Bet shows her deep affection toward her son and at the same time, her past is revealed with the pensive mood suggesting that she has gone through a lot of agony, trouble, loneliness and helplessness in and around the household domain. Despite her resolution to secure her own life, Bet ultimately loses everything: her husband, her parents and lastly her dear son. The emptiness she feels at the station, coupled with the bitterness with regard to her son, dominates Bet; however, she finds an escape from the unexpected oration at the station, thus helping her to forget those grievances and indulge in a temporary departure from tedious everyday urban life. In other words, this work reflects the stark reality a white woman faces in the urban life and simultaneously suggests American optimism. On the other hand, Everyday Use depicts an illiterate, masculine, black woman who emphasizes the tradition of the South

The Infinity Mirror Essays - Mirror, , Term Papers

The Infinity Mirror "Tularecito" is a myth about truth. Tularicito, just a character of that myth, is the focus for this glossed over fable. Steinbeck draws on this form of genre to present the idea that we are all a part of what happens to others, based upon our nature. The image presented of Tularecito is that of a demon, an idiot savant, a boy with a gift from God, and that gift's cost. He is a freak, a dangerous misfit, an innocent who does not need the constraints of reality. Tularecito is a test. The test is one of moral caliber. It is a test of the souls of the characters who overshadaow Tularecito. Pancho is a man that is both holy and sinful. His purfunctory act of church going becomes true belief as alcohol demons induce him to halucinate a deformed boy into an outcast from hell. He looks into his mirror and sees himself, becomes shaken, reforms. From Pancho's employer, Franklin Gomez, we get a cold hard look into society. We see a mother, knowing her son is to be hated and feared, and perhaps possibly killed, cannot face killing her son with her bare hands. She leaves the killing to exposure to the elements, enying herself a look into Tularecito. Franklin adopts Pancho's demon, and Tularecito transforms into a disadvantaged who has been gifted with talent. Tularecito becomes a man at the age of six, "The boy grew rapidly, but after the fifth year his brain did not grow any more," To Franklin, Tularecito is grace, and graceless. He is talented in all things of any physical strength, and well proficient in the creation of beauty, and an artist in the care for life of nature. The touch of Tularecito brings beauty, and life, and love to the world, until he becomes enraged, (should anyone endanger what came from the touch of his hand). Franklin looked into Tularecito's mirror and saw what Tularecito was. Authority views come from several directions. While one teacher sees Tularecito as a Pavlovian dog, needing to be trained, the other sees him as an idiot savant, needing only to be pushed into harmless fantasy. This leads a third view of Tularecito, one of a simple minded killer that needs to be locked up for his own good. Tularecito is viewed as less than human from the start. His name means "little frog", and his physical disabilities are seen by all, causing fear. Tularecito is a noble savage. Dangerous to look at but hiding the soul of God, hf is intimidating, a creator, and dangerously tempermental. As Steinbeck weaves his tale, it is obviously full of metaphors on the basic belief of our society that everything must be forced into a plausable category, fit for inclusion into the human race. Tularecito should never have gone to school. He would have been happy living at home, simple as he was. In the end society takes Tularecito and makes him a monster. Since monsters are not allowed into human society, Tularecito goes looking for a different society that he does belong to. Unfortunately this society doen not exist. Tularecito has no control over his perceptions of reality and fantasy. He searches for a world of fantasy, and in his efforts, he creates a hole. When this hole is covered up, it confirms Tularecito's belief in fantasy. Tularecito creates another hole, and waits for his fantasy to show. Tularecito has only one flaw. He believes that what he created should not be destroyed. Whenever this happens, should it be school, work, or fantasy, Tularecito defends his creations with the only thing he can understand, violence. It is not like true, calculated violence, but very much like a motor nerve reaction. He reacts with pure emotion and pain, and eventually he kills. Steinbeck tells an interesting story with Tularecito as a mirror. In fact, all the characters in the story are mirrors. As we look at them we see how we measure against them. But Tularecito is a mirror with an infinity of sides. He is a tool for testing human beliefs, one of which is that sometimes, it is better to leave things alone than to

Medical Marijuana California theunioncollective.org

Medical Marijuana California theunioncollective.org Medical Marijuana Program was established by the Medical Marijuana California to provide a voluntary medical identification card and register qualified patients and caregivers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Medical Marijuana California: theunioncollective.org specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The web based program allows the law enforcers to access and verify the validity of the patients possessing the registered card. These cards allow qualified patients and caretakers to be in possession of marijuana. They are also allowed to grow transport and use medical marijuana in California. Under the Senate Bill 420, the medical marijuana program is administered to patients only in their county of residence. According to California Department of Health (para 2) a physician is mandated with issuance of a recommendation to help the patient obtain marijuana for medication purposes. The patient is then given a card for identif ying him/herself as legally allowed to have medical marijuana. It is upon both the state and county to cater for the expenses involved in the program. On 5th November, 1996, the residents of California passed the proposition 215 and an initiative measure was added to the Health and Safety Code also known as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996. The main purpose of the act was to improve the health of people who have serious ailments in California through giving them the right to use and possess marijuana for medical purposes where it is deemed appropriate by a physician. There should be reason to administer the marijuana if it would benefit the patient in the treatment of including chronic pain, AIDS, spasticity, arthritis, and many more ailments (ProCon.org para 3). Secondly, the act was formulated to ensure both the patient and the caregivers who obtain and use marijuana are not liable to criminal prosecution for being in possession of the drugs. Generally marijuana is an illegal dru g; both growers and users that do not have a license to grow and use marijuana are in violation of the law and serious consequences are imminent if one is found. The health and safety code provides protection for physicians who are participating in the implementation of the act.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The provision states that no physician will be punished or be denied rights for prescribing medical marijuana, given that he does it within the legal framework (Medical Board of California para 4). Medical Board of California formulated the above statement due to the rising and emerging treatment modes using medical marijuana. The statement is a relief to physicians since it assures them that they will not be prosecuted or be subject to investigation by the Medical Board of California if they recommend medical marijuana as part of their regular practice of medi cine to their patients. A physician cannot be investigated without substantial information or additional information being produced against the physician for not complying with the accepted standards. For a physician to offer recommendation for the use of marijuana by his or her patients, the physician must first follow reasonable and prudent steps for approving the medication just like any medication. These accepted standards include the following: The physician should first check the history of the patient and the appropriate prior examination of the patient. The physician should also develop a treatment plan for the patient with medical objectives. They should also discuss the possible side effects of using medical marijuana and should probe for informed consent. The physicians should also do a periodic review of the treatment and how the patients respond to the medical marijuana. They should also ensure that the consultation is a necessity for prescriptions and lastly, physician s should keep proper records which support their decision for prescribing the use of medical marijuana. Union Collective is an organization that grows, tests, sells, and delivers medical marijuana to patients who have been recommended to use it by a physician. The patient and the caregiver must possess identification from the Medical Marijuana Program for one to qualify to use and even grow medical cannabis. The Union Collective strives to ensure availability of high quality organic medicinal cannabis to qualified patients only. They also aim to eliminate use of harsh chemicals and pesticides and to enhance a fine taste medicine. Furthermore, the union is a caregiver that provides services to ailing patients suffering from ailments such as terminal cancer, glaucoma, autoimmune diseases, sleeping disorders, nausea, and anorexia among others.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Medical Marijuana California: theunioncollective.org specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Union Collective medical marijuana is organically grown and is local and found in the hills of North California. The medical marijuana is only restricted to patients who are qualified and recommended by a physician for the medical marijuana program. The members of Union Collective have an advantage since the medical marijuana has been made readily available and consistently offer supply of quality organic medicine. Union Collective has grown sufficient medical marijuana to ensure that they meet the market needs. The number of patients has been increasing yearly, hence Union Collective keeps on expanding their growth and production services. Secondly, they have an unparalleled delivery services through conserving hygiene, attention, and good services to their patients. The delivery services come with several benefits and advantages. They offer very unique services that are very catchy to the caregivers and the patients. These advantages are as follows: One is that they offer free delivery throughout the purchase process; no additional costs are included and the patient or the caregivers who order them pay only the stated price. Second is that there is a short time span for delivery. Placing an order between 11am and 8:30 pm will enable a purchaser to get it within two hours from the time of ordering. The quick delivery is done so as to increase efficiency and to help in cases of emergency (Union Collective para 3). Thirdly, payment is only done after the order has been delivered and inspection has been done by the patient. Medical marijuana should be of great quality and should be carefully inspected by the patient to ensure it is of the right specification as the patient ordered. Fourthly, all their products are free of molds, fungus, and other contaminants. They guarantee quality through lab-tests and ensuring that they are untainted. Through the lab-tests, they ensure that the risks of health problems are reduce d or minimized by testing that the medical marijuana is fully fit for consumption by the patients. Fifthly, pre-sale viewing is allowed through inspection of products using UV light for moulds and fungus.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This ensures that its users are certain of the quality of the products they are purchasing, hence avoiding health risks pertaining to medical marijuana that is contaminated or fungi infested. Sixthly, professional caregivers in the Union Collective are highly knowledgeable and they consistently offer good services to their patients. It is important that medical marijuana be used very well and for medicinal purposes only. Recreational use of the medical marijuana is not allowed and only qualified patients should use them. Therefore, a professional caregiver is important for advice or monitoring the use of the drug by qualified patients. Finally, Union Collective also deliver clones for patients to grow their own top-grade and untainted medical marijuana. They also provide advice on how to grow the clones safely and how to avoid cases of contamination and infestation by pests. The clones are also provided so that the patients and caregivers can efficiently avail medical marijuana for themselves (Union Collective para 3). Union Collective delivers their medical marijuana over a wide scope of area in California. The places that Union collective delivers in San Francisco includes Atherton, Belmont, Pacifica, Burlingame, San Carlos, Redwood City, San Francisco Bay, South San Francisco and many others. The supply of tested and quality medical marijuana has greatly benefitted the patients in the places they are supplied; they benefited from sufficient availability of the medical marijuana apart from its quality and safety. Union Collective has produced a variety of medical marijuana and their latest products include Jack Herer, Skywalker OG Wax, Sour Diesel, Head Band, L.A Confidential, Bubba Kush, Big Pete’s Treat, Durban Poison Wax and Pot of Gold. These varieties of medical marijuana are of different shapes sizes and purposes. The wide variety offers treatment for various illnesses as recommended by the organization (Union Collective para 1). Union Collectiv e has evaluated the arguments against the recreational use of marijuana. They have determined that most people are not aware of the dangers of using medical marijuana recreationally. In San Francisco, medical marijuana is commonly used and is readily available for patients. However, there is the tendency of people using the medical marijuana for recreation purposes rather than for medicinal purposes. The use of medical marijuana poses a great unseen risk to non prescribed users and also prescribed to a great extent. They warn that medical marijuana especially in the San Francisco bay area is of poor quality due to the use of chemicals to reduce insect infestation and microbial contaminants such as powdery mildew, fungi, and moulds. Use of chemicals such as the chloramine is used to treat powdery mildew, however, it is highly toxic when ingested by burning and affects patients suffering from cancer and who are undergoing treatment such as chemotherapy. Moreover, insects are a menace during flowering and development of the medical cannabis plant. In the event of insect infestation most grows will resort to use AvidTM to stop spider mites due to frustration and fear of losses. Spraying or watering with the chemicals to curb infestation leads to serious health effects when medical marijuana is used by patients from these growers (Union Collective para 4). Furthermore, medical cannabis users face a major problem because they access their majority of medical marijuana from dispensaries that do not test the medical marijuana since they are not required to do so. Cities such as San Jose and San Francisco have the majority of dispensaries in Northern California but have exposed the users to great health risks by not requiring them to do screen tests on the medical cannabis. In San Mateo County medical cannabis is more dangerous since it has no store front and relies only on delivery. Dispensaries in big cities have even offered to test the medical marijuana voluntarily to reduce the risk of intense effects of low quality medical marijuana. Union Collective has many dispensaries operating in San Jose and San Francisco. Statistically, 90 percent of the marijuana in California is not tested which is very worrying. Some other laboratories stated off the record that approximately 50 to 70 percent of the medical cannabis that is consumed is not of high quality and are contaminated in one way or another. Comparing to other states, California is far much better in regulation and screening of medical marijuana. There is also better control of the medical marijuana in terms of using and growing it (Union Collective para 2). In Colorado, medical marijuana requires screening in dispensaries hence improving the safety of the patients. However, the problem with Colorado is that there is no specific standard of the application of chemistry in testing standards. In conclusion, Union Collective recommends the importance of legal and illegal users to realize that medical grade cannabis is dangerous both in high quality and poor quality. The support of collectives such as Union Collective that test their medical marijuana should be supported until appropriate public health measures are taken into account by the relevant authorities (Union Collective 3). SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis of California has been done to provide information about the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and possible threats against marijuana. Union Collective has various strengths including its compliance with the required standards of administering the drugs to the patients. Firstly, drugs are only given to qualified patients who have a genuine identification card from the Medical Marijuana Program. This has reduced the number of cases where medical marijuana is abused in California; cases of recreational use of medical marijuana are very common in California. Secondly, the drugs are of high quality and they have a wide variety of medical marijua na. Their delivery services are quick and sufficient for all its customers. Furthermore, they are quiet cheap due to non-additional costs of transport and they are readily available for the market. Thirdly, they supply their products in many places especially San Francisco has largely benefitted from the extensiveness of the availability of medical marijuana. Fourthly, Union Collective has knowledgeable caregivers who enhance safety and advice to qualified users. Lastly, they have taken an initiative to ensure that health risks emanating from the use of contaminated medical marijuana. Contamination and fungus infestation of medical marijuana is a serious issue on health and it may lead to complications for patients. Through the safe measure for production of marijuana, its users can comfortably use the drugs without worrying about intoxication. Weaknesses that Union Collective has are that there is a large amount of medical marijuana that is still in the market that is not tested. T his poses a challenge to its users since they have not been able to convince the large number of users the importance of using tested medical marijuana. Secondly, the delivery of clones to caregivers and patients who want to grow them could easily commercialize the marijuana and sell them to recreational users. Union Collective has availed various opportunities that Union Collective has taken into account. Since they offer quality services for their patients, they should take advantage of various opportunities to expand their dispensaries throughout California. Due to the growing acknowledgement and recognition of medical marijuana they have an opportunity to further their services in the sector. Medical marijuana is a growing treatment modality, and Union Collective should use the media to attract and to advertise the existence of safe and high quality medical marijuana. Moreover, they should also increase the number of professional personnel to improve the services and assurance ( Legalize Medical Marijuana para 6). Lastly, an analysis of the threats that Union Collective face is that there is a huge number of proliferated medical marijuana in the market that are not of great quality. This untested medical marijuana might lead to health problems and hence lead to a negative view of the medication it leads to questions of the side effects of using medical marijuana. Recreational users also pose a threat to the medical marijuana; many use it without the recommendation of the physician or force the physician to administer the medical marijuana unnecessarily. There is also less support that is given by the government to address the intensity of the issues regarding health risks of using untested medical marijuana. The government also has not supported collectives that genuinely test the medication (Debatepedia para 4). Some people sell the medical marijuana illegally due to the influx of dispensaries and has lead to federal threats (Klare para 1). Social Media So cial media has been used by Union Collective to reach out to its customers; their website offers room for asking questions and online registration. Their website provides information about the existence of their medical marijuana products and their prices, quality, and their services in general. Moreover, providing information on who is allowed and who is not allowed the medical marijuana and the effects of its use (Stryker 307). Their web also contains reports covering issues concerning the safety and dangers of using medical marijuana for both recreational purposes and medicinal purposes (Union Collective para 6). California Department of Health. Medical Marijuana Program. n.d. Web. cdph.ca.gov/programs/mmp/Pages/Medical%20Marijuana%20Program.aspx Debatepedia. Debate: Medical marijuana dispensaries. n.d. Web. http://debatepedia.idebate.org/en/index.php/Debate:_Medical_marijuana_dispensaries Klare, Joe. MPP and LEAP react to new federal threats to medical marijuana in CA. 2011, Oc tober 7. Web. http://the420times.com/2011/10/mpp-and-leap-react-to-new-federal-threats-to-medical-marijuana-in-ca/ Legalize Medical Marijuana. Use SWOT analysis business. n.d. Web. legalizemedicalmarijuana.info/use-swot-analysis-business/ Medical Board of California. Medical marijuana. n.d. Web. mbc.ca.gov/medical_marijuana.html ProCon.Org. Should marijuana be a medical option? n.d. Web. http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/ Stryker, Joe Ellen. Articles media and marijuana: a longitudinal analysis of news media effects on adolescents marijuana use and related outcomes, 1977-1999. Journal on Health Communication 8.4 (2003): 305-328. Union Collective. Medical marijuana delivery in San Francisco bay area. n.d. Web. http://theunioncollective.org/

Understanding Stockholm Syndrome

Understanding Stockholm Syndrome Stockholm syndrome develops when people are placed in a situation where they feel intense fear of physical harm and believe all control is in the hands of their tormentor. The psychological response follows after a period of time and is a survival strategy for the victims. It includes sympathy and support for their captors plight and may even manifest in negative feelings toward officers who are trying to help the victims. Situations in which the victims have displayed this kind of response have included hostage situations, long-term kidnappings, members of cults, prisoners of concentration camps, and more. Key Takeaways: Stockholm Syndrome People exhibiting Stockholm syndrome become protective of their captors, even to the point of foiling the police efforts at their rescue.The syndrome is not a named disease in any manual but rather a description of peoples behaviors whove been traumatized over a period of time.While hostages and kidnapping victims can exhibit these behaviors, so can people in abusive relationships or members of cults. Origin of the Name The name Stockholm syndrome was derived from a 1973 bank robbery (Kreditbanken) in Stockholm, Sweden, where four hostages were held for six days. Throughout their imprisonment and while in harms way, each hostage seemed to defend the actions of the robbers. As an illustration of the hostages strange thoughts and behavior under psychological distress, History.com presents this example: [T]he hostage recounted to the New Yorker, How kind I thought he was for saying it was just my leg he would shoot.† The hostages even appeared to rebuke efforts by the government to rescue them. They pled for the captors not to be harmed during the rescue and orchestrated ways for that to happen. Immediately following the incident, the victims couldnt explain to psychologists their sympathetic feelings and lack of anger and hatred toward their captors. Months after their ordeal had ended, the hostages continued to exhibit loyalty to the robbers to the point of refusing to testify against them as well as helping the criminals raise funds for legal representation. They even visited them in prison. A Common Survival Mechanism The response of the hostages intrigued behaviorists and journalists, who, following the incident, conducted research to see if the Kreditbanken incident was unique or if other hostages in similar circumstances experienced the same sympathetic, supportive bonding with their captors. The researchers determined that such behavior was common among people whod gone through similar situations. A psychologist whod been involved with the Stockholm hostage situation coined the term Stockholm Syndrome, and another defined it for the FBI and Scotland Yard to enable officers to be able to understand that possible aspect of a hostage situation. The study of the condition helped inform their negotiations in future incidents of the same type. What Causes Stockholm Syndrome? Individuals can succumb to Stockholm syndrome under the following circumstances: The belief that ones captor can and will kill him or her. The feelings of relief by the victim for not being killed then turn to gratitude.Isolation from anyone but the captorsThe belief that escape is impossibleThe inflation of the captors acts of kindness into genuine care for each others welfareThe passage of at least a few days in captivity Victims of Stockholm syndrome generally suffer from severe isolation and emotional and physical abuse also demonstrated in characteristics of battered spouses, incest victims, abused children, prisoners of war, cult victims, procured prostitutes, slaves, and kidnapping, hijacking, or hostage victims. Each of these circumstances can result in the victims responding in a compliant and supportive way as a tactic for survival. It is similar to the reaction from brainwashing. Victims show some of the same symptoms as those who have post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD), such as insomnia, nightmares, difficulty concentrating, distrust of others, irritability, confusion, a sensitive startle reflex, and a loss of pleasure in once-favorite activities. Famous Cases In the year following the Stockholm bank incident, the syndrome was widely understood by the masses because of the case of Patty Hearst. Here is her story and other more recent examples: Patty Hearst Patty Hearst, at age 19, was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA). Two months after her kidnapping, she was seen in photographs participating in an SLA bank robbery in San Francisco. Later a tape recording was released with Hearst (SLA pseudonym Tania) voicing her support and commitment to the SLA cause. After the SLA group, including Hearst, was arrested, she denounced the radical group. During her trial her defense lawyer attributed her behavior while with the SLA to a subconscious effort to survive, comparing her reaction to captivity to other victims of Stockholm syndrome. According to testimony, Hearst had been bound, blindfolded, and kept in a small, dark closet, where she was physically and sexually abused for weeks before the bank robbery. Jaycee Lee Dugard On June 10, 1991, witnesses said they saw a man and a woman abduct 11-year-old Jaycee Lee Dugard by a school bus stop near her home in South Lake Tahoe, California. Her disappearance remained unsolved until August 27, 2009, when she walked into a California police station and introduced herself. For 18 years she was held captive in a tent behind the home of her captors, Phillip and Nancy Garrido. There Dugard gave birth to two children, who were ages 11 and 15 at the time of her reappearance. Although the opportunity to escape was present at different times throughout her captivity, Jaycee Dugard bonded with the captors as a form of survival. Natascha Kampusch In August 2006, Natascha Kampusch from Vienna was 18 years old when she managed to escape from her kidnapper, Wolfgang Priklopil, who had kept her locked in a small cell for more than eight years. She remained in the windowless cell, which was 54 square feet, for the first six months of her captivity. In time, she was permitted in the main house, where she would cook and clean for Priklopil. After several years of being held captive, she was occasionally allowed out into the garden. At one point she was introduced to Priklopils business partner, who described her as relaxed and happy. Priklopil controlled Kampusch by starving her to make her physically weak, severely beating her, and threating to kill her and the neighbors if she tried to escape. After Kampusch escaped, Priklopi committed suicide by jumping in front of an oncoming train. When Kampusch learned that Priklopil was dead, she cried inconsolably and lit a candle for him at the morgue. In a documentary based on her book, 3096 Tage  (3,096 Days), Kampusch voiced sympathy for Priklopil. She said,  I feel more and more sorry for him- hes a poor soul. Newspapers reported that some psychologists suggested Kampusch may have been suffering from Stockholm syndrome, but she does not agree. In her book, she said the suggestion was disrespectful of her and did not properly describe the complex relationship that she had with Priklopil. Elizabeth Smart More recently, some believe Elizabeth Smart fell victim to Stockholm syndrome after her nine months of captivity and abuse by her captives,  Brian David Mitchell and Wanda Barzee. She denies that she had sympathetic feelings toward her captors or captivity and explained that she was just trying to survive. Her kidnapping is portrayed in the 2011 Lifetime movie, I Am Elizabeth Smart, and she published her memoir, My Story, in 2013. She is now an advocate for child safety and has a foundation to provide resources for those whove suffered traumatic events. Lima Syndrome: The Flip Side When captors develop feelings of sympathy for their hostages, which is rarer, its called Lima syndrome. The name comes from a 1996 Peru incident during which guerrilla fighters took over a birthday party for Japanese Emperor Akihito, given at the home of the Japanese ambassador. In a few hours, most of the people had been freed, even some of the most valuable to the group. Sources Alexander, David A.,  and  Klein, Susan. â€Å"Kidnapping and Hostage-Taking: A Review of Effects, Coping and Resilience.† Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 102, no. 1, 2009, 16–21.Burton, Neel, M.D. What Underlies Stockholm Syndrome? Psychology Today. 24 March 2012. Updated: 5 Sept. 2017. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201203/what-underlies-stockholm-syndrome.Conradt, Stacy. The Bank Robbery Behind Stockholm Syndrome. Mental Floss. 28 August 2013. http://mentalfloss.com/article/52448/story-behind-stockholm-syndrome.Elizabeth Smart Biography. Biography.com. AE Television Networks. 4 April 2014. Updated 14 Sept. 2018. https://www.biography.com/people/elizabeth-smart-17176406.Inside Jaycee Dugards Terror Tent. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/inside-jaycee-dugards-terror-tent/5/.Klein, Christopher. The Birth of Stockholm Syndrome, 40 Years Ago. History.com. AE Television Networks. 23 Aug. 2013. https://www.history.com/news /stockholm-syndrome. Stump, Scott. Elizabeth Smart on the one question that wont go away: Why didnt you run? Today.com. 14 Nov. 2017. https://www.today.com/news/elizabeth-smart-one-question-won-t-go-away-why-didn-t118795.

The Economics of the Doll and Car Industry in the USA and in China Term Paper

The Economics of the Doll and Car Industry in the USA and in China - Term Paper Example Doll Production Doll production does not involve much heavy equipment to carry out its industrial production according to the movie. Considering the fact that doll making could be very convoluted and intricate at some point, it requires more labor force than machines since most machines do not have the capability to perform extremely complicated tasks with high levels of precision. Also, doll production takes in a lot of workers to work on the quality checking, dressing, molding phase, and assembling. Looking at the conditions, doll manufacturers have lower production as compared to other industries such as the car industry in that doll industry implements labor intensity rather than capital intensity. This is the reason why the doll industry employs several hundreds to thousands of workers to meet its production quota. It’s vivid from the movie that doll production goes through several phases. These phases includes, molding body parts, assembling of the body parts, varying doll colors, doll dressing, quality check and packaging. Most of the China dolls are manufactured by low fired ceramic. The doll heads are labeled easily lost stickers inside the heads. Certainly, each phase calls for a lot of workers to perform each type of operation. Consequently, the current doll production process entails not just lower production but also higher production cost as doll manufacturers have to remunerate a considerable number of workers. Car Production In car production employs capital intensity in the manufacture of the cars. Car manufacturers use a large part of its capital to purchase and install extremely heavy and costly machines and robots rather than workers to carry out its production. (Economy Watch, â€Å"Capital Intensive Industry†). One fine example is the recently constructed Honda assembly plant in Wuhan, Central China. This new Honda facility poses a capability to produce thousands of cars annually. As a matter of fact, as stated on the video, DFAC Honda has produced 164,200 units in 2008 alone; and this is still way short to the facility’s maximum production capacity of 240,000 cars. Honda also underwent a joint venture, which combined Guangzhou Honda and DFAC Honda. This merger has resulted into Honda being one of the top five selling car brands, 470,000 units sold annually, and two independent channels of sales. Also, 95% of this production was sold in China, and 70% of the auto parts were supplied locally. Honda’s high production can be attributed to its implementation of capital intensity. It uses heavy equipment and high-priced machines to work as substitute for the labor force. In general, car manufacturers prefer this strategy in their production because it entails high production but lesser production cost. In the video, Honda installs hundreds of robots and heavy machines to build cars. These robots and machines work simultaneously and coordinately for a faster and more precise assembly of cars. Capital-intensive industries such as Honda do not necessarily discount the importance of labor force. Car manufactures still employ labor force to perform very important functions in the installation of small auto parts and for checking the quality of the car; although, car production requires smaller number of workers. Labor Intensity Labor intensity involves a large number of employees or longer hours of work from its employees in order to meet certain production quota. The production cost can be measured by taking the proportion between the labor cost and the capital cost. In the case of doll production, a lot of human labor is implicated since. This is because it involves a lot of complicated tasks and high levels of precision in the making unlike the car industry whereby human labor is minimal. This makes the doll industry is labor intensive. Capital Intensity Capital intensity entails an investment of the capital to heavy and expensive machines to act as substitute for a

Study Skills - Methods of studing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Study Skills - Methods of studing - Coursework Example One aim and objective that I have set for working on this assignment is that I will make sure I cover all of the details of this study. Secondly, I must make sure that I write the study to the best of my ability, keeping it free of errors and see to it that it conveys the correct data. Finally, I must see to it that I use technical language fluently, and I must use it properly. If I follow all three of these aims and objectives for this particular assignment, it is certain that I will have a good mark on it. the second assignment that I have set aims and objectives for is the project that involves me writing a report for the Somerset Park Hotel. Like the above assignment, there are three aims and objectives that I will want to follow to insure that I do my assignment to the best of my ability. One aim and objective that I will need to apply is that I will see to it that I factor in all of the costs of the hotel project, so as to give an accurate assessment of what will need to be spent to keep the hotel going. The second aim and objective that I will need to apply to the completion of this assignment is that I will need to see to it that I write in a way that is easy to understand, while also making sure that the language flows and that what I write is grammatically correct. And finally, I will see to it that I completely analyze the study of the hotel, so I can have all of the pertinent details and will construct the report well. Then there is the assignment where I am to show that I have a basic understanding of HTML, and to prove this, I am to design a web site to demonstrate the skills that I have thus far. For this assignment, there are three aims and objectives that I have set to insure that I do the assignment correctly, completely, and produce high quality work. One aim and objective that I have set forth is to make sure I am using

Monopoly for the Potato chip industry Essay Example for Free

Monopoly for the Potato chip industry Essay A monopoly is a company that provides a product or service for which there are no close replacements and in which significant barriers of entry can either prevent or hinder a new company from providing competition (Case, et al. , 2009). Take into consideration the potato chip industry in the Northwest are not only competitively structured but are in long-run equilibriums. The firms were earning a normal rate of returns and were competing in a monopolistically competitive market structure. In 2008, two lawyers quietly bought up all the firms and then began operations a monopoly called â€Å"Wonks†. For them to operate efficiently they had to hire a management consulting firm, which will estimate the different long-run competitive equilibrium. With this change comes several important things to consider that will be effected one being the stakeholders involved, price changes and the market structure to be most beneficial to the new corporation. By consolidating the oligopoly members of the Northwest potato chip industry, located in the United States, the legal professionals created a monopoly (Lindblom, 1948, p. 671). By taking away competition in the region, Wonks would now control their position on the market demand curve, where they can go from the produced quantity, to price point, even to where the product can be sold. Monopoly by definition is, â€Å"exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices,† (Monopoly, 2012). In all actuality a package product like a potato chip could not hold market domination for long. Other manufacturers will transport their product into this region like paying slotting allowances, in order to obtain products for placement on the supermarket shelves. An industry that that comprises just one firm producing a product for which there are no close substitutes are called monopolies (Case, et al. , 2009). Although a monopoly has no other firms to compete with it still constrained by market demand (Case, et al. , 2009). With that said a monopoly must choose both price and quantity of outpost simultaneously because the amount that it will be able to see depends on the prices is sets. However if the price is too high, it won’t sell anything. Thus a monopolist will set prices to maximize profit (Case, et al. , 2009). Stakeholders will both benefit and be hurt by the assembly of the new market domination. The Government will receive more revenues for taxes as the prices are raised and new income is earned for Wonks Industry. In the even that the business looks suspicious they may be forced to respond to a demand from other potato chip producers or consumers, to protect them from inappropriate or unfair trading practices (Lindblom, 1948, p. 671). Some cooperating enterpises like supermarkets or corner stores, are more than likely to see an ability to sell Wonks products at higher prices to consumers, perhaps motivated by higher prices being charged to them by Wonks. Since Wonks are assumed to be the only potato chip industry in town the stores can agree to higher prices. They do this because the demand will be higher if the competition is lower (Lindblom, 1948, p. 671). Consumers on the other hand won’t see any advantage, since the only difference in the market is not having any competition (Case, et al. , 2009). Inevitable price increases will come until a consumer refuses to pay the price. Because of that the company will have to reach a point on the demand curve where they will charge only what the customer will pay for the product (Case, et al. , 2009). Many technological and strategic forces shape market structure, including economies of scale, cost of differences among firms, entrants’ expectations and entry barriers (Bresnahan, 2012, 531). The empirical models of market structure from qualitative chose models of firms’ entry decisions. The models are presumed that we do not observe entrants’ revenues or costs (Bresnahan, 2012, 531). Economic models are used to study market concentration in retail markets for new automobiles. One entry summarizes the competitive cost of entry. The second statistic measures the presence of entry barriers or differences in entrants’ fixed costs (Bresnahan, 2012, 531). Monopolistically competitive firms realize that the decisions they make will be reacted to by other members of the club (Case, et al. , 2009). Pricing will be profitable and comparable, product will be widely available, and vendors will try to attract certain segments with pricing or product offerings (Case, et al. , 2009). It is likely the pro-monopoly potato chip companies made similar margins, their products are found next to each other on super market shelves, and the companies were similarly profitable (Bresnahan, 2012, 531). Enterprises derived from Monopoly ran industries, will stay to look for ways to maximize their profits (Case, et al. , 2009). This will allow products to remain the same, therefore nothing will change in how their were offered. The delivery will be consolidated, but plants not having cost advantage will be left behind in favor of lower cost facilities (Case, et al. , 2009). When a monopoly becomes empowered the product mixes will be reviewed and the low production/less profit generating product will be eliminated (Case, et al. , 2009). In doing so a consumer could find one type of chip when there were actually three different types of chips available. The size of the products being offered, as well as the prices and the volume of the products will be tampered with as a result of market forces not influencing these decisions. (Case, et al. , 2009). Between monopoly and perfect competition are a number of other imperfectly competitive market structures (Case, et al. , 2009). Oligopolistic industries are made of a small number of firms where each has a degree of price setting power. A Monopolistically competitive industries are made up of a large number of firms that acquire price setting power by differentiating their products or by establishing a name (Case, et al. , 2009). The sort term life of a monopoly market forces and consumer demand will all act to make the monopolistically competitive firm the best for both Wonks and for consumers. This can be assessed through the Sherman Anti Trust Act to agencies like the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice. A monopolistic competitive firm enjoys some of the advantages of both monopoly and free enterprise (Case, et al. , 2009). The Chip market has barriers that will act to keep all the players in the chip market safe, and margins will be protected while business are happy with their market share. They can also produce and sell with the knowledge that they will not have to manage production volumes or pricing in their marketplace. Some members of the oligopoly will enjoy harmonious business times (Case, et al. , 2009). Consumers can benefit from limited competition and have product provided at prices the free market will set. product shortages, elimination of marginal products, price spikes will not affect their marketplace (Case, et al. , 2009). The chips will be available where the consumer expects and at price points they expect. The price will decrease or increase which will be industry wide this will keep from the producer from being singled out for price increases (Case, et al. , 2009). A monopoly is an industry with a single firm in which the entry of new firms is blocked. An oligopoly is an industry in which there is a small number of firms, each large enough to have an impact on the market price of its outputs. Firms that differentiate their products in industries with many producers and free entry are called monopolistic competitors. A monopoly is a company that provides a product or service for which there are no close replacements and in which significant barriers of entry can either prevent or hinder a new company from providing competition (Case, et al. , 2009). With this change comes several important things to consider that will be effected one being the stakeholders involved, price changes and the market structure to be most beneficial to the new corporation (Case, et al., 2009). By taking away competition in the region, Wonks would now control their position on the market demand curve, where they can go from the produced quantity, to price point, even to where the product can be sold. Stakeholders will both benefit and be hurt by the assembly of the new market domination. Monopolistically competitive firms realize that the decisions they make will be reacted to by other members of the club (Case, et al. , 2009). Bibliography Bresnahan ,Timothy F. Reiss, Peter C. Entry in Monopoly Markets. The Review of Economic Studies. Vol. 57, No. 4 (Oct. , 1990), pp. 531-553. Case, K. E. , Fair, R. C. , and Oster, S. E. (2009). Principles of Microeconomics. (9th ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Lindblom, Charles E. The Union as a Monopoly. The Quarterly Journal of Economics , Oxford University Press Vol. 62, No. 5 (Nov. , 1948), pp. 671-697 Monopoly. (n. d. ). Collins English Dictionary Complete Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved October 08, 2012, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/monopoly.

The Definition of Success :: Definition Essays 2014

"Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life - think of it, dream of it, live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success.† – Swami Vivekananda -- What is success? How can I come successful? There's a library's worth of self-help books on how to become successful. Yet, at the end of the day, each of us decides our own personal definition of success. How will we balance security and adventure, challenge and safety, mastery versus risk-taking?.   Learning expert Dawna Markova's words are simple yet profound: "Each of us is here to give something that only we can offer, and when we avoid knowing ourselves, we end up living numb, passionless lives, disconnected from our soul's true purpose." How do we figure out that true purpose? Sometimes, it comes to us when we quiet the busyness in our hectic lives, when we look inward. For young adults, it often requires moving through the world, engaging in many new and different experiences to find what calls us, what excites us. While you are figuring out how you want to define success, it's useful to build leadership capacities, because the more capacity you own, the more options you will have over time.   Knowing yourself well is one capacity. Speaking effectively is another. So are writing persuasively, speaking a second language, and learning how to read a financial statement. The capacity that seems to be the best predictor of long-term success in the work world is learning agility-the ability to keep acquiring new knowledge, building ever more capacity. We know that adventures, such as traveling to new places and undertaking new projects, build capacity. Real-life work experiences-managing deadlines, receiving/giving feedback, identifying problems, and developing creative solutions-all build capacity and skills. This proves especially true when the work is new and different. Working in teams, interacting with

Explanatory Synthesis

Sania Arsala Professor Anthony Pino English 101A 4 April 2013 The Source of Magic: Explanatory Synthesis Although there are many fairy tales, â€Å"Cinderella† is a fairly well-known magical story enjoyed and told by arguably thousands of cultures around the world. In the typical â€Å"Cinderella† fairy tale, the Fairy Godmother magically appears and transforms Cinderella from her destitute state into a beautiful princess who lives happily ever after with her Prince Charming. There are many versions of â€Å"Cinderella† from the different cultures that have embedded magic into the fairy tale.The source of that magic and tests differs in the ways it unites the Cinderella characters with her Prince Charming characters. Amongst the plethora of different cultures’ versions of â€Å"Cinderella,† Walt Disney uses the most common type of fairy tale magic. Once the stepsisters go to the ball, Cinderella is sobbing because she wants to go too. Her Fairy Godm other suddenly appears and helps Cinderella prepare for the ball. She magically turns a pumpkin into a coach, mice into horses, and the dog into a footman.One last important magic spell is left to cast, and as the Fairy Godmother waves her magic wand and sings, â€Å"Salaga doola, Menchicka boola, Bibbidi bobbidi boo! † Cinderella’s ragged clothes turn into a beautiful gown. However, Cinderella is warned by the Fairy Godmother that she has to leave the ball before the clock strikes midnight because the spell will break and everything will turn back into its original form. Cinderella must take heed in what Fairy Godmother told her or consequences may follow.With the help of the Fairy Godmother, Cinderella is able to go to the ball, and she falls in love with the prince. Prince Charming is also madly in love with her and goes from house to house looking for her. Because of the magical transformation of Cinderella’s appearance, the prince’s only hope to find his princess is by making every girl try on the glass shoe Cinderella left behind at the ball. The use of magic allows the story to end happily. However, the Fairy Godmother does not appear in some of the other cultures’ â€Å"Cinderella† stories; she is not the source of magic.In the Native American version of Cinderella, â€Å"Oochigeaskw, The Rough-Faced Girl,† no magic used to find her prince until after she meets the Invisible One. Unlike in Disney’s version, her own two malicious sisters physically torture Oochigeaskw: â€Å"The wicked sister would burn her hands and feet with hot cinders, and she was covered with scars from this treatment† (246). Without any help from anyone, Oochigeaskw decides to design a dress for herself out of sheets of birch bark.Even though Oochigeaskw does not look as beautiful as the Disney Cinderella, her inner beauty and ambition make her successful in her mission without the need of a fairy godmother to unite he r with the Invisible One. When the Invisible One’s sister asks Oochigeaskw if she can see him, she responds, â€Å"I do indeed—and he is wonderful! † (247). With that being said, the Invisible One’s sister takes her home and bathes her. Magically, her scars disappear from her innocent body, her hair looks rich and silky, and her eyes shine like stars.Oochigeaskw looks breathtakingly beautiful and becomes the Invisible One’s beloved wife. Oochigeaskw’s patience and diligence help her achieve what she wants, the Invisible One. The source of magic in this fairy tale is the Invisible One’s sister. Although the sister reveals Oochigeaskw’s true beauty by bathing her, this happens only after Oochigeaskw passes the pivotal test. Indeed, every â€Å"Cinderella† story has unique magic and hardships in it, but the source of magic and test is different in each version.Whether it is a Fairy Godmother or the Invisible One’s si ster, the fairy tale is neither complete nor successful without their presence. Their magic and test arise questions from readers whether â€Å"Cinderella† and prince charming will ever reunite, yet they still have hope for a â€Å"happily-ever-after† ending. One of the the significant difference between the two fairy tales is that Disney Cinderella hides her real self and beauty to win the prince’s love rather Oochigeaskw does not need material things to make her look beautiful in order to conquer the Invisible One’s heart.Oochigeaskw did not ask for the help of magic to give her happiness which was the Invisible one, instead she was blessed with it. On the other hand, Cinderella and Prince Charming are able to unite and become one forever with the aide of magic. Further, even though the Native American â€Å"Cinderella† has a different story compared to the Disney version, the theme of magic and test given to â€Å"Cinderella† helps reader s understand it is a Cinderella story, as does the fact that both characters at the end marry their beloved and live happily ever after.Readers can also conclude that every â€Å"Cinderella† does not necessarily need magic; with self-confidence and patience one can achieve their goals and desires just like Oochigeaskw. Work Cited â€Å"Oochigeaskw-The Rough-Faced Girl. † Writing and Reading Across The Curriculum, 12th Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 245-247. Print. Grant, Campbell. â€Å" Walt Disney’s Cinderella. † Writing and Reading Across The Curriculum, 12th Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. Boston: Pearson, 2013. 247-249. Print.

Corporations Law

Corporations Law 1. 0 Areas of law Corporate social responsibility has long been a touchy issue for governments not Just in Australia, but around the world as well. Companies in Australia are governed by the corporation's act, which outlines the legal capacity and power of a company. The Corporations Act 2001 (Act) s AAA, defines a corporation as a separate legal entity, that includes any corporate body and unincorporated bodies that may sue, be sued or hold property in the name of an office holder appointed for that purpose.In context of corporate governance, the main issue is with the current escalation is in regards to director's duties. Under the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) asses, directors have a civil obligation to act with due care and diligence, with best interest of the corporation in mind. This civil obligation however, does not extend to certain classes of stakeholders other then shareholders. Modern day companies often have a great impact on society at large, through the various activities they conduct.Given the broad economic, environmental and social impacts they have, it is understandable that a push has been made for director's duties to extend beyond warehouses, and include stakeholders at large. The Corporations Act 2001 (Act) sass, also outlines the legal capacity and powers of a company. S 124(1) states, † a company has the legal capacity and power of an individual both in and outside this jurisdiction†. A company can also be held primarily or secondarily accountable for torts and crimes.To think of a corporation as solely an instrument of business, fails to account for social changes, which has taken place over the past century. 5 It is therefore vital that amendments be made to the Corporations Act 2001 (Act), so as to ring accountability and responsibility of corporations and directors up to date with societal change that has occurred over the past decade. 2. 0 Problems associated with the law The current law governing compani es and directors outlined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Act), only allow for calculated corporate social responsibility.According to the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) asses, directors are required to act in good faith and in the best interest of a company, and in appropriate circumstances may choose to take into consideration a range factors external to shareholders, only if they benefit the warehouses collectively. As a result, companies may be obliged to consider CARS, only when it is likely to result in positive publicity, public approval, endorsements and goodwill; investor confidence and demand; and promote a positive impact on company share prices.It is evident that the current Corporations Act 2001 (Act) limits company director's ability to adhere to CARS practices, as shareholders must receive some benefit from engaging in CARS. This can be seen through statements made by The Australian Shareholder Association pertaining to corporate donations in relation to tsunami relief eff orts, here it stated directors have no approval for philanthropy, donations should only be made in situations where they are likely to benefit the company or shareholders through greater exposure.Directors who seek to engage in CARS activities that do not directly benefit their companies or stakeholders would therefore be in breach of their director's duties outlined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) assess, and this is where the the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) falls short. 3. 0 Recommendations & suggestions Although there are absences of specific law regarding how companies should be socially responsible, new suggestions and recommendations may be implemented as a guideline for companies to be socially responsible.One of the suggestions is for companies to introduce triple bottom line reporting, principles of conduct and charitable contributions in their environmental record as to evaluate its responsibility performance. However, according to the s 181 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) directors of the company should prioritize needs of the company for proper purposes by exercising their powers and duties in good faith. Also, theAustralian government may introduce a rule that requires registered companies to participate in a policy in which each company need to design a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee that will observe every activity conducted and how will it impact those other than the shareholders, specifically the employees, suppliers, customers and also the environment. The company would then have to participate in a policy in which it is required to be publicized on its own website.Although it may be contradicting to the directors' best interest for the company, by spending an mount on volunteering programs, such as the hunger project to help extinguish famine in poor countries, it also helps the company to build a better image that in turn, could be advantageous to the directors. 4. 0 Issues of importance The push for company reporting to in clude CARS related information in annual reports is of utmost importance, given the prominence of corporate influence in today's society.The recommendation to implement triple bottom line reporting would increase the extent to which companies are taking responsibility for the consequences of their actions, in relation to corporate activities that touch on environmental or other issues of community concerned The implementation of the policy requiring companies to establish a corporate Social Responsibility Committee are also essential in the push for more CARS friendly law reforms governing Australian companies.Greater transparency in relation to social and environmental impacts of companies has been called for by community groups, given the success of corporations as vehicles for productive enterprise. The degree of accountability displayed by companies in their course of business pertaining to social and environment issues are understandably a matter of public interest, due to mode rn day companies having a large environmental and social impact on external stakeholders in the course of their activities. . 0 Foreign solutions for CARS A similar issue has been addressed in the United Kingdom in regards to the degree that the directors may take into consideration on its responsibility to other individuals besides its shareholders. As it was being evaluated by the country's Department of Trade and Industry, the issue had resulted in the establishment of the Companies Act 2006 (I-J) (companies Act') that constitutes the first codification of directors' duties.Based on the Companies Acts 172, it has been maintained that the directors are obliged to take considerations of the interests held by individuals other than the shareholders, employees, customers and also the environments 5. Nevertheless, the provision claimed that the directors are required to function in a way that the success of company can be improved, which will then prompt the directors on its duties in protecting the interest of the shareholders.Also, in India, he government has come up with the introduction to the policy of a two-percent Corporate Social Responsibility law that promotes company to be charitable by having two percent from profit earned each financial year to be spent on government-approved projects that may consist of environmental sustainability and education that are leaning towards development of the nation as a whole. Companies are liable in designing its own committee of corporate social responsibility to aid in observing, reporting and preventing any activities that may harm the society and environment.Each report is then to be disclosed in the company's website as required by the policy. 6. 0 Views on suggested reform policies In relation to the proposed reporting reforms pertaining to CARS, we are in agreement that the implementation of the suggested changes would be in the best interest of companies, their directors and wider stakeholders at large. The C orporations and Markets Advisory Committee has stated in their report that it does not support the revision of The Corporations Act 2001 (Act), in relation to the inclusion of CARS under director's duties.The proposed amendments have been seen to fail in providing directors with meaningful clarification, whilst risk obscuring the accountability of directors. It is their belief that that the most effective response to concerns arising from time to time pertaining to the environment and social impact of business behavior, is through the setting of specific legislation directed to the problem real 8. However the Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee have identified a number of issues in relation to the implementation of environmental and social reporting elicits.Issues relating to discrepancies that may arise in relation to comparability, market advantage and cost have been identified. In regards to the comparability of company reports, it has been argued that additional mandator y reporting is necessary to ensure comparability of non-financial reports. Further more, it has been identified that enhanced mandatory reporting would reduce selective positive-only reporting, thereby only benefiting responsible companies by improving their standing among risk analysts.Lastly, concerns have been raised by companies in geared to costs that will have to be incurred due to additional mandatory reporting. There has been a general consensus among companies that additional mandatory reporting will be too costly, however others have argues that such additional reporting could in fact reduce costs, through the standardization of reporting requirements. Having considered these statements, we still belief that the best approach in relation to company CARS reporting, is through the introduction of separate policies which are to run concurrently with the Corporations Act 2001 (Act)

Fairleigh Dickinson University Essay Essay Example

Fairleigh Dickinson University Essay Essay Example Fairleigh Dickinson University Essay Essay Fairleigh Dickinson University Essay Essay Choosing the right university to go to that’s a right tantrum for a pupil can be a really ambitious undertaking. There are so many universities to take from and they all have a similar claim of being able to offer pupils the best instruction. Therefore when taking a university. it is of import to analyze the school’s civilization. admittances procedure. plans offered every bit good as the doctrine that is endorsed by the school. FAIRLEIGH DICKINSON UNIVERSITY Fairleigh Dickinson University is a private university located in Madison New Jersey. FDU has four locations total ; two campuses are located in New Jersey. one is in Canada and one is in London. : FDU has been in being for over 60 old ages now and has over 10. 000 pupils from all over the universe ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . FDU degree plans include Associates. Bachelors. Master’s and doctorial grade plans in psychological science ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . Fairleigh Dickinson University besides offers its pupils combined Bachelors and Master’s degree plans that allow pupils to have both in approximately five old ages clip ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . At Fairleigh Dickinson University. the political orientation is that a college instruction must develop pupils for a life span of thoughtful life. Fairleigh Dickinson University was honored by The American Association of Colleges and Universities by declaring FDU to be one of nine plans in the United States to function as a primary illustration for other educational establishments ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . FDU considers accepting pupils for admittance based on a student’s ability to efficaciously presume both professional preparation and a broad humanistic disciplines course of study ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . Fairleigh has a great squad of admittances counsellors to help both domestic and international pupils with whatever concerns that they may hold ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . In order to be considered for admittance at FDU. first-time pupils must subject a completed application. There is besides a $ 40. 00 nonrefundable application fee demand. Prospective pupils must besides subject their SAT or ACT tonss and an official transcript of their high school transcript ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . Personal interviews are by and large non a necessity of the admittances procedure ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . However. FDU militias the right to bespeak for an interview if necessary ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . FDU INTERNATIONAL STUDIES PROGRAM FDU today is the world’s leader in planetary instruction ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . Fairleigh University’s international surveies plan trains student’s via an extended scope of professional enterprises to bring forth universe citizenship through diverse cultural. societal and academic experiences ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . The literacy. extended cognition. economic basis and communicating accomplishments that international surveies big leagues achieve in the International Studies plan lead to booming callings in authorities. banking. publication. jurisprudence. international concern and instruction. The FDU International Studies plan was designed sing the importance of stressing planetary jobs. peace and struggle declaration ( Fairleigh. 2008 ) . CONCLUSION Fairleigh Dickinson University has a really good admittances plan. They have adequately separated the domestic and international admittances procedure so that pupils can have the proper information harmonizing to their domestic or international concerns and questions. Like most private schools. FDU’s admittances demands seem sensible and are comparable to other private establishments. In add-on. FDU’s International Studies plan appears to be an first-class plan ; the fact that the plan is established with an accent on planetary jobs. peace and struggle declaration is an indicant that it is a good and thorough plan. Mentions Fairleigh Dickinson University ( 2008 ) . College Bound Network. Retrieved April 14. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. collegesurfing. com/college-university/fairleigh-dickinson- u. hypertext markup language? OVRAW=fairleigh % 20Dickinson % 20University A ; OVKEY=fairleigh % 20dickins on % 20university A ; OVMTC=standard A ; OVADID=8524368012 A ; OVKWID=1086126055 12 A ; ysmwa=N-Ux0o64VN1DHWiLAUHu8AEMvqxvGtBD3TPfPHLPWmXOwf- f8eC6wagAFIngcJFJ A ; referer=http: //search. yokel. com/search? ei=utf-8 amp ; fr=slv8- A ; p=farleigh % 20Dickinson % 20University A ; type= A ; campaign_id=10387811 A ;

International Economics Definition

International Economics Definition What exactly international economics is and what it covers tend to depend on the views of the person using the definition. Roughly speaking, it covers economic interactions between countries such as international trade. More precisely, international economics is the field of study that deals with trade between countries. Topics in the Field of International Economics The following topics are a sample of those considered in the field of international economics: Exchange rates and flows of money between countries Free trade and trade disputes, such as the softwood lumber dispute Immigration and migration between countriesThe role regulations and shipping costs play on trade flowsHow differences in tax regimes influence a companys decisions on which countries to operate in International Economics - One Perspective The book International Economics: Global Markets and International Competition gives the following definition: International economics describes and predicts production, trade, and investment across countries. Wages and income rise and fall with international commerce even in large rich developed economies like the US. In many countries, international economics is a matter of life and death. Economics as a field began in England in the 1700s with a debate over issues of free international commerce, and the debate continues. Domestic industries pay politicians for protection against foreign competition. Institute for International Economics' Definition The Institute for International Economics examines a number of hot topics in international economics, such as outsourcing, US steel policy, the Chinese exchange rate, and trade and labor standards. International economists study questions such as How do sanctions on Iraq impact the lives of the common citizen in the country?, Do floating exchange rates cause financial instability?, and Does globalization lead to an erosion of labor standards?. Needless to say, international economists deal with some of the more controversial topics in economics.

Lesbian and Gay Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lesbian and Gay Parenting - Essay Example But the lesbian and gay parents and their children face discrimination and marginalization in the society. So, the mainstream society needs to change because one’s sexual identity is personal can do nothing to the children. Personal experience: The personal experience/interaction section in this work is based upon my personal interaction with lesbian and gay parents and their children, and is divided into two sections: response to reading reflections and intervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them. A. Response to reading reflections From a different angle of view, parenting is not a difficult task for lesbian and gay people, but the process to have children of their own is extremely difficult for them. For instance, lesbian and gay parents cannot have their own children through biological process. So, they are forced to depend upon other methods like adopting a child from an orphanage, depending upon donors who are ready to co-op erate with insemination, and accepting the help of surrogate mothers. On the other side, the lesbian and gay parents are similar to other parents because they show keen interest in the growth and development of their children. ... One can see that the general opinion that the children who are from lesbian and gay families face a number of disadvantages is not true because researches based on the same reject this generalization. Ricketts (1991) makes clear that, â€Å"Studies on gay and lesbian parenting support the position that children are not disadvantaged and, in some cases, receive unique benefit from being reared by gay, lesbian individuals† (p.47). Besides, the lesbian and gay people do not consider their families as different from traditional families and they are ready to raise children. Mizrahi (2008) states that, â€Å"Recent government surveys demonstrate that many lesbians and gay men are already raising children, and more lesbians and gay people would like to have children at some point† (p.245). So, one can easily identify the fact that a child’s parents’ sexual identity or the interest in lesbianism/homosexuality does not harm his or her growth and development. B. In tervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them So as to unearth the problems faced by lesbian and gay parents, I interacted with a number of lesbian and gay parents and their children. Most of the lesbian and gay parents pointed out that they do not feel any difference from other parents. They further added that their sexual identity will not harm their children’s lives because it is personal. But Harding (2011) states that, â€Å"But in certain respects, lesbian and gay parenting remains on the periphery of legal protections for lesbians and gay men, and understandings of the relations of family life for lesbian and gay parents are much less entrenched than considerations of same-sex relationships†(p.5). On the other side, most of the

Photography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Photography - Research Paper Example This image happens to be the first ever image that existed and did not get deleted on its own. Later Joseph came into collaboration with Louis Daguerre who is a France born artist and physicist and their collaboration led to the development of daguerreotype which is recognized for being the predecessors of films that are modern in nature (Hirsch 10). These remained high in demand until these types were replaced by the emulsion plates during the period of 1850s. The emulsion plates are even recognized as wet plates and are even less costly as compared to their predecessors and these plates were faster than the previous ones to become exposed. These wet plates do not use coatings on the imaging plate and these plates rather use a procedure recognized as process of emulsion which is characterized as Collodian process. Another great change experienced by the concept of photography during the period of 1870s is the introduction of dry plates which were invented by Richard Maddox and these plates were a result of improvements made to the previous wet plates and these plates were equal to the efficiency and quality of the wet plates (Hirsch 137). These plates were better than the wet plates as these plates could be stored before being used, unlike the wet plates which were only created in accordance to need. Development of dry plates even helped in developing cameras which were portable in size and since these plates led to decrease in time of exposure, these plates influenced the development of first ever mechanical shutter. Before 1980s only professionals used to get involved in the practice of photography or only the elites of the society had access to it, during the 1980s, George Eastman developed a company named Kodak and he was the one who created the first roll films that were flexible in nature and did not need to be changed like previous plates which were solid in nature (Hirsch 447). With this invention, he even created a box camera that had the ability to h old more than 100 films at the same time. George Eastman was an American contributor to the industry of photography and the Kodak Company is a US hosted multinational firm. The camera produced by George Eastman was quite inexpensive and easily accessible to the society, the films that were used in this camera were quite larger in size as compared to the 35 mm films used today. The 35 mm films took some time to be easily accessible to common man and during the 1940s these films became quite affordable. Later during the 1930s, the 35 mm films were used by photographers including Henri-Carter Bresson who is recognized as the father of photojournalism (Hirsch 254). He was the one who invented the capturing of real life images rather than depending on staged images. The invention of this form of photography completely altered the field of photography. While 35 mm films were becoming popular, Polaroid was the one who introduced a secretive method of developing films while they were in the vicinity of the camera and recognized this process as the Model 95 (Hirsch 351). This type of photography soon became very famous among the masses but this form of imaging was quite expensive. By the period of 1960s, Polaroid gained great popularity and several models were developed which

Contemporary Marketing Research - John Lewis bucking the trend on the Essay

Contemporary Marketing Research - John Lewis bucking the trend on the UK High Street - Essay Example This study would be focused on evaluating the performance of John Lewis in previous years and the marketing strategies adapted by the retailer in order to enhance its sales. Similarly, the marketing strategies for the forthcoming years would also be evaluated to identify the performance and productivity of the company in the worrying time of 2013. This study would highlight the reasons for the exceptional performance of the retailer that is not even in the top 4 retailers in UK i.e. John Lewis. Furthermore, the impact of the adapted marketing strategies on the performance of the company would be evaluated. This would help to identify the remarkable performance of the company in the market. In the end, recommendations would be provided for the retail company i.e. John Lewis, in order to enhance its sales and revenues in the industry and to gain competitive advantage over other competitors in the market. This would help the company to enhance its performance which will eventually lead to increase in sales and revenues. The year 2012 was a nightmare for the retailers in United Kingdom. The retail growth in this particular year was just 1.2 percent. This retail growth could be said as the third lowest growth rate in the last 40 years (The Telegraph, 2012). The economic crisis and the recession after 2008 are the core reason for such downturn in the retail industry (O’Donnell, 2011). Due to such recession, it has been observed that the Jessops; one of the retailers in High Streets, has closed down all of its retail stores in the UK due to which almost 1370 people lost their job (BBC News, 2013a). Retail industry in UK is being directly influenced by the growing competition from supermarkets and internet retailers. This is one of the major reasons for the closure of Jessops in UK as the company was not able to cope with the changing trends in the retail industry. With advancement in the technology, the retail industry is moving towards

Causes of Air Pollution | The Impact of Air Pollution

Causes of Air Pollution | The Impact of Air Pollution Air pollution is the chemical, particulate, and biological matter that can harm or distress human, living organism, or the natural environment into the atmosphere. In this project, the researcher team studied the causes and effects of the air pollution in the United Arab Emirates and discovered and will discuss the main causes of the pollution and their effects on the environment. Also, some statistics about the percentage of air pollution will be discussed from previous studies in the UAE such as governmental and private statistical data. In addition, solution for protecting the air pollution will be studied in order to have better environment to live in. Additionally, the team will discuss a case study regarding the effects of air pollution in UAE. The goal of the project is to study the cause of the air pollution in UAE and how it can affect the environment. Also, the next goal is to give some solutions that can save the environment and give some awareness in protecting the air pollution. In the past fifty years, UAE had an excessive development in many fields such as buildings, industries, and transportation after oil discovering. Due to the increases of the projects, the air starts getting many pollutants such as dusts, Chemical gases, Carbon Dioxide emissions which led to an increase in the air pollution. Statistics show that the United Arab Emirates is the fourth highest country in Carbon Dioxide emissions between the Arab countries and 32 all over the world. The steady increase in the air pollution can affect the humanity in the short term and long term such as Acid rain and health problem which lead to study the pollution in the region. Limitation In this project, the research team will study the air pollution in the UAE and will not go further to Middle East or the world due to time limitation and amount of work that have been done for the topic. The time period of the research topic will be for the last five years. It is just the industry and civilization has been spread widely in UAE at this period which will be enough for the research time. In addition, the research team will get from previous studies and statistics about air pollution in UAE due to shortage in resources and equipment for the topic. Review of the Literature History of air pollution in UAE The problem relates with the air pollution has been in the UAE since 1958 after discovering the oil field in Abu Dhabi and another one in Dubai 1966. The problem of air pollution start increase steadily after the first industry came in Abu Dhabi 1966 then another one in the Al Ain and Sharjah in 1969.there is many industries can affect enormously in the region. According to the Ministry of Environment and Water in UAE, 6 Industries produced different dangerous chemical organic, 9 industries produces cements which can also affect the air and 2 other industries has been shut down due to violent in regulation and the gas emission. There are now 3593 Industries in UAE as you can see in table below. The most industries are in Jabel Ali Free Zone and the Sharjah Industrial Areas. Cities Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Ajman Um Al Quwain RAK Fujairah Total No of Industries 409 1491 874 493 53 212 61 3593 Percentage 11.38% 41.50% 24.33% 13.72% 1.48% 5.90% 1.70% 100.00% Table : Number of Industries in UAE (UAE Export and Indusry directly, 2010) The number of cars has been increased dramatically for the last 20 years the statistics below show the number of increase in cars in 2009 in Dubai. Type of car Light Vehicles Heavy Vehicles Light Bus Heavy Bus Light Mechanical Vehicles Heavy Mechanical Vehicle Motorcycle Leisure Motorcycle Vehicle for disable TOTAL Number of car 837765 55768 25782 22317 7671 18714 17844 15 4 1021879 Table : Number of car in Dubai 2009 (Dubai statistical centre, 2009) There are really a huge problem with the huge increment of the cars which really cause a huge traffic because statistics show UAE is one of the highest countries in the traffic especially in Dubai and Sharjah which can cause really a huge problem such as the car air pollution. Studies showed that 80% from the air pollution in Dubai came from the emissions of gases from cars. There were many ways to think and start of protecting air pollution. In 1993, Dubai Municipality started putting some of the air quality stations system to protect the gas emissions in the city. Also, in 1993, UAE Federal government imposed some laws in order to prevent the air pollution. As we can see today there are many government organization and many laws that control the area such UAE air control monitoring laws. Causes and effects of air pollution in UAE: The first cause is motor vehicles: Motor vehicles are considered one of the main causes of air pollution, as there is a steady increase in the number of production annually. Moreover, Vehicles have the largest impact on environment. As a result, motor vehicles produce more air pollution. According to statistical report, the population growth was less than the production of motor vehicles, as the population growth was two percent and the motor vehicles production was five percent. In addition, vehicles major cause for air pollution is the static combustion of fossil fuel. Also the smoke produced from the burning of the fuel produces many harmful gases, the main ones are, Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Figure : Air Toxic Emissions from on Road Mobile Source Carbon monoxide: Carbon monoxide is a toxic colorless gas which is emitted from the tail pipe of the car. The reason behind emission such gas into the environment is either the lack of maintained of the vehicle, such as, broken air bumps and dirty filters, or the incomplete combustion of the fuel. Effects: CO toxicity is one of the most fatal air poisoning around the world. Although it is tasteless and colorless, it is high in toxicity. This is because; it combines with hemoglobin forming carboxyhemogoblin, which decreases the efficiency of red blood cells to transfer oxygen to body tissues. Moreover, this process is known as anoxemia. Additionally, small concentrations such as 677 ppm (parts per million) can cause the conversion of more than fifty percent of the bodys hemoglobin to carboxyhemoglobin , which can cause seizure, coma, and fatality. The most common signs of poisoning are such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue and a feeling of weakness. Also, it can affect the nervous system, as it can cause confusion, disorientation, visual disturbance, syncope and seizures. Further, it can cause the damage to the heart and the fetus of the pregnant women. Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen oxide is one of the most toxic gases which can be produced from the car engines, incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and fertilizers. Effects: The Nitrogen oxides can help in the formation of the acid rain, it is a major factor in global warming, it slows down the growth of plants, it can react with other pollutants; thus, forming more toxic chemicals. Nitrogen oxides effects are nausea, irritated eyes and nose, fluid forming in lungs and tininess of breath. Furthermore, inhaling large amount of Nitrogen oxides can lead to rapid, burning seizure; inflammation of throat; reduced oxygen ingestion; a larger buildup of fluids in lungs; thus death. Nitrogen oxides can interact with aerosols which can cause enormous respiratory problems. As well, Nitrogen oxides can lead to permanent visual impairment in the area affected by it. Sulfur dioxide: Sulfur dioxide is a chemical compound which has the formula of SO2, it is produced when coal and fuel is burned, as fuel and sulfur contains sulfur compounds. Effects: The sulphur dioxide is very dangerous, as it causes breathing problems, such as, alteration in the lungs defences, deterioration in respiratory system and cardiovascular disease. As well, Ones who suffer from asthma, chronic lung and heart disease are the largely sensitive to SO2. Additionally, it can lead to the damage of trees and crops. SO2, by the side of nitrogen oxides, are the major pioneers in formation of acid rain, which causes the acidification of lakes and streams, speed up the corrosion of buildings and reduced visibility. SO2 also contributes in climate change. The second cause is volatile organic compounds: Volatile organic compounds are organic materials that have significant vapor pressure; as a result, it is easy for these organic compounds to evaporate quickly at a very low temperature. Further, some of these gases are considered dangerous on humans health, the environment and the ozone layer. Additionally, the major sources for the VOC are paints, coatings, Chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons. Painting and coatings used in doors emit ethyl acetate, glycol ethers, and acetone, which are very harmful to the human beings health. Additionally, chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons, they are widely used in dry cleaning and the production of fossil fuel. Effects: Certain kinds of VOCs, such as styrene and limonene, can go on with a react ion with nitrogen oxides, or with ozone; thus, producing new oxidation products. Moreover, it can produce secondary aerosols, which can lead to sensory irritation symptoms. What is more, it can cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination and nausea, damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Additionally, it can lead to cancer in animals and cancer in humans. The third cause is Deforestation: Deforestation is the removal of forest or a group of tress and then the land is converted to non forest use. There are many reasons regarding deforestation, such as, Urban and Construction Purposes, as they use the wood obtained from trees for building materials, furniture, and paper products. Moreover, Forests are also removed to provide accommodation for escalating urban areas. Furthermore, Forests are removed so that to clear land for growing crops and for grazing cattle. Additionally, trees are used as a source of fuel, as they are converted to charcoal in order to be used in cooking and heating purposes. Effects: Erosion of soil: as the forests are removed, the soil is countenancing the sun, causing dryness to the soil and losing its nutrients. As a result, it will be impossible to cultivate again. Disruption of the Water Cycle: trees helps maintaining the balance of water in the ecosystem, as the trees are removed, the weather gets drier and unhealthy. Flooding and Drought: One of the vital functions of forests is to absorb and store great amounts of water quickly when there are heavy rains. When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area. Climate Change: It is well known that global warming is being caused largely due to emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, what is not known quite as well is that deforestation has a direction association with carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon, since they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is then used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt or they are allowed to rot, which results in releasing the carbon that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This, in turn, leads to greater concentrations of carbon. Case study of air Pollution in UAE A case study had been conducted to study the burden of diseases in UAE in long and short terms. There study the Impact of the Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone (O3) in ambient air and how it going to affect people in the region. The World Health Organization defined that the total death due to Particulate Matter was 200, but didnt report the diseases due to other air pollutants. As results, theses study has been conducted in order to clarify the number disease due to other pollutant. Other status that relate to some effect to people by air such as smoking habit, health care statues, working and living environment are not considered. Firstly, the researcher of this study studied the PM and O3 in UAE as shown in the next two figures. Figure : A contour map show PM concentration in UAE Figure : A contour map show O3 concentration in UAE The next part of the study was to see number of death people in the region due to the between 545 (542 adults and 3 children) has diseases from PM, 209 (208 adults and 1 children) has a dead from it and 162 death from the O3 effects over the past 30 year the next two figures show the percentage of death including some uncertainties. Figure : chart show causes and death by PM Figure : chart show causes and death by O3 Method and discussion: As the research is limited to UAE region, the group was going to allocate sources related to the UAE region. The sources was books, online books, journals and online journals, as the group located some books that discuss the air pollution problems: such as, the major causes of air pollution in UAE and the effects of these causes on the UAE residents. In addition, some of the article had been seen some of the cause and effect in UAE. Also, the researcher team searched and found of some of the air pollution that affected the region. As allocation of credible evidence to the problem is required, the team searched for statistical data such as Chemical element emissions in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. After the group finishes the causes and effects of air pollution allocation, we will suggest solutions that can be implemented for better future and healthier generations. The following table showed that amount of work we did in the Multidisciplinary Projects. In addition, the project chart flow has been included by PRIMAVERA to be more a lear image of the duration of the project which Start from October 13th, 2010 and finished at January 16th, 2011 with total of 98 days. Duration (Days) Activity Description Early Start Early Finish Late Start Late Finish 6 Making the Tasks 13-Oct-10 20-Oct-10 13-Oct-10 20-Oct-10 10 Background of the Topic 21-Oct-10 3-Nov-10 21-Oct-10 3-Nov-10 8 Time Limitation 4-Nov-10 15-Nov-10 4-Nov-10 15-Nov-10 18 Study Cause of Air pollution in UAE 21-Nov-10 14-Dec-10 21-Nov-10 14-Dec-10 18 Case Studies 21-Nov-10 14-Dec-10 28-Nov-10 21-Dec-10 20 Study Effect of Air pollution in UAE 21-Nov-10 16-Dec-10 21-Nov-10 16-Dec-10 10 Statistical Data 22-Dec-10 4-Jan-11 22-Dec-10 4-Jan-11 5 Making Recommendation 5-Jan-11 11-Jan-11 5-Jan-11 11-Jan-11 3 Making Written and Oral Presentation 12-Jan-11 16-Jan-11 12-Jan-11 16-Jan-11 Table : Timeline of the Scheule Figure : A flow Chart of the Project Results In order to know the quality of air in the UAE, statistical data about the amounts of pollutants emissions was retrieved for analysis. However, working with statistical data raises two problems first is accuracy and second reliability. Since, statistical data are collected from samples, it is very important to have both accurate and reliable data if the results were to be generalized over the whole population. To ensure that our data are as accurate and reliable as possible we used governmental statistics center of Abu Dhabi and Dubai to find our results. The results found focuses on the emission of three main pollutants which are Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide. Moreover, the results cover two main cities in the UAE, Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Since, the research is limited to five years; the results cover the years 2005 to 2009. Because statistical data need time to be gathered and published by the government, the emission results for the year 2010 were not included in the research. Furthermore, the city of Abu Dhabi was divided into three main areas, main city Abu Dhabi, Al-Ain and Western Region. Dubai, on the other hand, was divided into six main areas, which are Diera, Safa, AlKaramah, Mushrif, Jabel Ali Village and Jabel Ali Port. Analyzing these results will show the exact amounts of pollution in each part, which will help in identifying the areas with the highest pollution levels. Knowing that, the recovery from pollution should be concentrated in these regions. Since, the results cover the last five years; we can know the trends in the emission of pollutants. This helps in identifying the areas were the pollution increases and the rate at which it increases. These results are very important in our research because it focuses our concentration in fewer areas which is more practical. Note that all the pollution levels are found in micrograms per meter cube (mcg/m3) and na means not-available. Carbon monoxide (CO) Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009 2007 2008 2009 Abu Dhabi 5.4 10.5 10.72 Al Ain 5.72 7.9 13.3 Western Region na na na Table : CO emission in Abu Dhabi Dubai 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Deira 1.6 3.4 5.4 9.6 10.9 Safa 1.3 3.6 5.5 8.8 10.8 AlKaramah 1.8 4.2 4.1 1.1 Mushrif Jabel Ali Village Jabel Ali Port Table : CO Emission in Dubai Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009 2007 2008 2009 Abu Dhabi 149 173.1 330 Al Ain 86 123.4 31 Western Region 161 124 179 Table : SO2 Emission in Abu Dhabi Dubai 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Deira 0.09 0.017 0.027 0.018 0.006 Safa AlKaramah Mushrif Jabel Ali Village 0.022 0.12 0.024 Jabel Ali Port 0.034 0.021 0.019 0.021 Table : SO2 Emission in Dubai Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009 2007 2008 2009 Abu Dhabi 278 187.4 321.0 Al Ain 271 147.2 234 Western Region 192 72.6 289 Table : NO2 Emission in Abu Dhabi Dubai 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Deira 0.492 0.302 0.225 0.113 Safa 0.261 0.091 0.319 0.319 0.063 AlKaramah 0.445 0.306 0.091 Mushrif Jabel Ali Village 0.439 0.306 0.23 0.217 0.067 Jabel Ali Port 0.306 0.306 0.173 0.117 Table : NO2 Emission in Dubai Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions There is no doubt that air pollution is one of the severe problems that people are facing nowadays and want strongly to get rid of. There is one question that the research team members have asked themselves regularly and the question is Why have we decided to choose the air pollution topic to be our project to talk about in the English 207 course? the answer of this question has been clarified and verified due to the importance of the topic and its widespread facts that the world is concerning about these days. Getting the definition, the causes, the effects of the air pollution, the team has already got in love with the topic of air pollution and strongly wanted to write about it and search about it more to know the real facts beyond this topic. The air pollution is a problem including and concerning each individual in this world. During Industry, combustion of engines, burning coal, smoking and emissions of green gasses are exceeding the limits and increasing the percentage of the air pollution. But as far as the EPA has a group that is concerning with its difficult task to help this polluted air from the humanity risk, the air is getting its freshness and cleanness. Dont you think that it is our mission also to support the EPA group and stop the humanity risk from the air pollution risks, so lets be one hand combing the seriousness of this topic to avoid the risks on this polluted air to be more worse than this. We cannot say that people can eliminate this issue completely because humans industry doesnt finish and his/her greed to get more is increasing day after day disregarding the case of their polluting the air that we are breathing. So, we can minimize this phenomenon by reducing these emissions and polluting factors of the air. Recommendations It is a very crucial step to point out that each project has been done, is being done or will be done is ending with some results. These results are either satisfied with the humans nature or unsatisfied. The project that has been done by our research team shows some results that are unsuitable for the human beings, this environment and also to a very important kind of humanity which is the humanity resources. Nobody can deny that air pollution has severe problems on humans environment and can perfectly damage humans life. What is remaining of this damaged environment and this polluted air that we are breathing? People are keeping in resolving their faults and they are in anxiety to keep this environment clean to be proper to live in. In fact, the results of the project are followed by some recommendations created or found by the research team to show how to keep a good humanity environment and having good humanity resources. As it has been shown that most of the natural resources an d also humans are affected by the air pollution and this has been shown in this project in the term of effects of air pollution on humanity. The mankind can cause a lot of destruction to himself/herself and can reduce a lot of this destruction he/she has done. It is obligatory and a crucial task for anyone of us to keep this environment clean to live in and to let others live in in a proper way. To reduce these effects on humanity, the research team has done some kind of suggestions and recommendations that could properly reduce the effects of the causes of the air pollution as follows: *Steps to reduce the level of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and other green gasses causing air pollution: Doing a regular vehicle maintenance and this to reduce the percentage of the Carbon Monoxide and Dioxide coming out of the cars exhaust. Reducing the percentage of burning trash and coal which are producing most of the Carbon Dioxide and then affecting the Ozone layer and increasing the percentage of the Acid rain. Reducing the Green house Gas emissions including water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, and other harmful gasses causing the temperature increasing and then the global warming. Trying hard and putting all efforts to use the clean renewable and non polluting sources. Getting help from engineers to invent new technologies that are friendly to the environment such as the solar car that is powered and used in many cities nowadays. The solar cars could perfectly decrease the percentage of the emissions of either the Carbon Monoxide or Carbon Dioxide that are produced from millions of regular combustion cars engines. The most important is to stop smoking in order to decrease the Carbon Monoxide in the air. Also, people can use recycled products in order to decrease the global warming in the world. Following the EPA rules (Environmental Protection Agency). The EPA has done a lot of steps in the case of reducing the air pollution following the steps shown above. The EPA has proved that the air pollution is still growing by 10% even the steps are followed. The most important thing that could be done by the human himself/herself is warning people regarding the enormous bad effects of the air pollution. Also, they can give some lectures that advising people to reduce the percentage of the air pollution through some statistically and theoretically useful data, lectures and workshops. References: [1] Statistical Yearbook of Abu Dhabi 2010,Statictics centre Abu Dhabi, January 2011. [2] Ying Li et al., Burden of disease attributed to anthropogenic air pollution in the United Arab Emirates: Estimates based on observed air quality data,Science of the Total Environment, vol. 408, no. 2010, pp. 5784 5793, August 2010. [3] (2010, July) UAE Export and Directly. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.uaeexportdirectory.com/en/ResultStat.aspx http://www.uaeexportdirectory.com/en/ResultStat.aspx [4] (2010, December) Air Pollution Indicators at Monitoring Sites Emirate of Dubai. Pdf File. [5] (2010, October) Enviremntal Preotection Agency. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.epa.gov/ http://www.epa.gov/ [6] (2010, November) Intelligent Life of Deforestation. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-deforestation.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-deforestation.html [7] (2009, Febraury) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/sulphur.cfm http://www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/sulphur.cfm [8] (2007, April) Agency for toxic subtances and Diease Registry. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts175.html http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts175.html [9] (2010, July) Ministry of Enviromental and Water. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.moew.gov.ae/Ar/InformationCenter/Pages/ManufacturesGuide.aspx http://www.moew.gov.ae/Ar/InformationCenter/Pages/ManufacturesGuide.aspx