Emotional, Moral and Physical Changes Essay

Adolescence is the name given to the period in the life of human beings between the ages of twelve and eighteen years. It is during the period of adolescence that a human being matures from a child to an adult, usually in both the physical as well as psychological sense of the word. That being said, it follows that this is the time in one’s life when one goes through the most numerous and major changes in terms of cognitive, social, physical, emotional and moral development (Turning Points). This article deals with explaining these changes along with relevant examples as well as enumerating options as to and what might be done within an out-of-school care program to accommodate those changes. Adolescence plays a major role in shaping the future of individuals as the decisions and choices that they make while steering through this phase in life are critical in shaping the people that they become in the future (Turning Points). This leads to the conclusion that this developmental stage is the most critical to the development of the individual going through it as well as the larger society that he or she is a part of. Subsequently, growing adolescents have unique learning needs as each person is different and unique from the other, not only in terms of physical appearance such as their face or body but also in terms of their psychological personality. Each person has different strengths, weaknesses, abilities, disabilities, talents and learning potential which needs due attention, especially during this growing stage. The academic years of adolescence are centered on middle school and thus middle schools should ideally be required to provide a secure and compassionate environment so as to develop the talents and strengths of, teach optimal usage of weaknesses and value each individual adolescent that they work for. In the following paragraphs, we will proceed to analyze the changes that adolescents go through. It is critical to note that all adolescents do not grow or learn at the same rate, neither physically nor psychologically. Due to irregular hormonal, body and mental growth, they become â€Å"vulnerable and self-conscious, and often experience unpredictable mood swings† (Turning Points). These changes also affect the way they perceive their surroundings, making them sensitive to and conscious of the implications of their actions to the world at large. Cognitive changes occur at varying rates among adolescents and they usually begin to develop the ability of carrying out abstract thought processes as opposed to only concrete ones as is the usual case n the pre-adolescence years. More important to realize is the fact that this cognitive progression is neither predictable nor dominated by any sense of orderliness. The social aspect of development during adolescence is generally headed by the premise that individuals seek social acceptance from their peers, who assume the role of strong influencers during the years of adolescence. This, combined with the fact that young adolescents become increasingly aware of their bodies and physical appearance make it even more difficult for them to face the changes within themselves and those that they perceive in the world around them. Emotionally, the young adolescent is challenged by the changes he or she is going through making the simplest of daily life occurrences the most challenging of circumstances. On top of this, adolescents become susceptible to taking bold initiatives on grounds of morality as they begin to feel a heightened sense of compassion and concern for the their surrounding environments. The following table present examples of changes in each of the areas outlined above pre-pubescent and pubescent adolescents along with out-of-school steps that could be taken to care for their developmental needs. Problems of Pre-Pubescent Adolescent Learners Area of Change Example Out-of-School Care Cognitive Change A Caucasian pre-pubescent girl begins to question her acquaintances’ prejudice against African Americans Encouraging cross racial relationships and respecting diversity through mentors. Social Change A boy is mentally disturbed about being shorter in height then his class mates. Parents are encouraged to have discussions with the boy about his concern and teach him to look beyond physical appearances, both in himself and in others around him. Emotional Change An adolescent has lately taken to slamming doors after arguments with his parents which have become a usual occurrence at home. Workshops are arranged for parents to handle the emotional changes in their child, where parents share and learn from each others’ experiences. Moral Change A Christian girl is contemplating running away from home in protest against her parents’ prejudice against her Muslim best friend. A mentor is assigned to each adolescent who acts as confidante , predicts the coming problem and deals with the mater accordingly Physical Change A girl becomes aware of her changing body and starts avoiding going out. Mentors and parents are encouraged to take their charges out, have open discussions and take them shopping for their changing needs. Problems of Pubescent Adolescent Learners Area of Change Example Out-of-School Care Cognitive Change As opposed to her parents’ objections, a pubescent girl feels that there is nothing wrong with having affectionate feelings for a boy. Mentors explain to young girls that parents are only human and bound to be unreasonable and that they should consider that teenage crushes are not true love. Social Change A girl starts making friends with teenagers much older then her, whose habits include drug and alcohol abuse. Workshops are arranged for parents to handle the emotional changes in their child, where parents share and learn from each others’ experiences. Parents would then realize that the girl feels misunderstood and is trying to fit in and become acceptable to her peers. Emotional Change A boy starts feeling that he is not wanted by anyone and starts avoiding company. Parents are encouraged to have discussions with the boy about his concern and teach him to look beyond physical appearances, both in himself and in others around him. Moral Change A girl takes up smoking under the premise of that she be allowed to make and learn from her own mistakes. Mentors help in making the girl realize that there are more effective ways to channelize the strength of her morals and discuss relevant examples. Physical Change A girl is aware that she needs certain garments but is too embarrassed to purchase them on her own. Mentors and parents are encouraged to take their charges out, have open discussions, take them shopping for their changing needs and volunteer to shop for things they are uncomfortable to buy themselves until they learn that they have nothing to be ashamed of. Bibliography Turning Points, Transforming Middle Schools: At the Turning Point, the Young Adolescent Learner. Retrieved January 16, 2007, from http://www. turningpts. org/pdf/YALGuide2. pdf

New England and the Chesapeake Colonies Essay

When Jamestown was originally settled, and when the Mayflower landed, the colonists who emerged from the ships had huge plans and tremendous goals for what would come of their own colony. However, although both settled regions were the new homes to a majority of the English, two separate societies formed. In New England, the colonists were religious extremists hoping to form a perfect society, while gold hunters with little or no desire to create a permanent home flocked to the Chesapeake region. The colonists in the north were more concerned with family values than those in the south, whose society suffered from a great lack of women and such a high death rate that family ties were hard to keep. As time went by, the development of slavery and indentured servitude started making an autocracy of rich cash crop farmers in the Chesapeake region, while in New England continued to have a majority of small farmers, along with some fishermen and shipbuilders. The differences between the colonists’ goals, populous, and economy caused New England and the Chesapeake region to form completely separate societies. When the Pilgrims landed in New England, they had no desire other than to create a community which could worship God in the way they saw fit, which was completely different than the desire of the Chesapeake settlers, who wanted gold. The New England colonies were established by religious groups with a strong belief in God and the ability to create a perfect society under Him. They marveled in their religious conviction which allowed them to travel to a completely foreign land, and were positive that, while following their belief system, they could create the perfect mixture of religion, politics, and justice (document A). The amount of effort which the colonists in New England tried to form the perfect society – their â€Å"city upon the hill – went to such an extent that the Articles of Agreement, written in Spr ingfield, 1636, stated that â€Å"our town shall be composed of forty families† (Document D). The New England colonists were so willing to form a perfect community, that they tried to keep track of every little detail of their towns. However, in the Chesapeake region, instead of trying desperately to keep everything in order, the colonists simply wanted to search for gold and return to their home, England. The colonists who went to the Chesapeake region had signed contracts which stated that, for a specific amount of years, they would have to stay in America and search for gold. This, from the start, put a search  for wealth into the southern society. As these contracted colonists searched for gold, they were not allowed to establish true towns or grow crops that would help them survive. Also, the colonists planned on only staying within the area for long enough to find gold, and then to return back to England, causing the desire for community life to decrease. Since they did not build towns and communities as those in New England did, they did not have the same close relationships within neighborhoods grow, as it did for the Puritans. Due to the different goals the colonists had – New England settlers w anting an ideal society, and Chesapeake settlers wanting gold, their growing societies were bound to have differences. As the colonies began to grow, problems with the climate in the Chesapeake region that were not present in New England forced the different regions’ societies to differ all the more. The Chesapeake region, although a great location for defense against enemies, was, basically a swamp. The local area had hot, humid weather that, along with diseases such as malaria, caused the population to have incredibly high death rates. Families never survived long, making remarriages increasingly common and grandparents a foreign idea. To add to the colonists’ discomfort, the amount of women who moved to the area was quite a bit smaller than the amount of men. On a ship heading for Virginia in 1635, only eleven women accompanied sixty-four men (Document C). These highly disproportionate statistics caused family values to decrease; many marriages in which the woman was already pregnant started occurring more commonly and many men went their entire lives without marrying. On quite a different hand, however, the colonists in New England were fortunate enough to live in a friendly climate. Families had many children, often the number of family members reaching into the teens. Along with the fertile area, the colonists were more family oriented, in general, which aided to the ir wish for a model society. More often than in the Chesapeake region, entire families would flock to the New World, making the number of males relatively equal to the number of males (Document B). This allowed for families to be more connected; children in New England were more able to connect with their families, grandparents, and communities than those of the settlers in the Chesapeake region. The terrible climate which caused death to be common in the Chesapeake region, along with the small amount of women, caused its society to differ from that of the colonists in  New England which had large numbers of children and strong family values. As the colonists in the South realized that cash crops, such as tobacco, rice, and indigo grew incredibly well in their climate, they also realized the need for large plantations, while colonists in the North depended on fishing, shipbuilding, and small farms to survive. After a bit of experimenting, the southern colonists realized that several crops could grow exceptionally well in their swampy climate that could bring them a rather large profit. However, these crops took an extremely high amount of effort that many farmers were not willing to give. So, instead, they â€Å"hired† indentured servants to do the work for them. While these farmers received labor for several years, they also received a land claim which was given to anyone who paid for a voyage to the New World, whether he was the actual person to take the trip or not. While this brought many new people over as indentured servants, the original farmers gained more land, which allowed them to make more money. However, while the original farmers were becoming quite rich, the indentured servants, once freed, gained barely anything, and no land rights which allowed them to start their own farms. The poor ex-servants became outraged at their inability to find any sort of jobs other than working for their former masters. The southern society was quickly becoming an autocracy, since the small amount of wealthy plantation owners ruled over the poor small farmers and indentured servants. However, the ex-servants’ unrest soon became solid with Bacon’s rebellion. Suddenly, the plantation owners noticed the need for a work-force, which led to a large increase of slave imports. The most cruel and heartless business operation, which lead to an even greater separation between rich and poor in the southern autocracy, had begun. However, in New England, where large plantations were nearly impossible due to the incredible rocky terrain, fishing was discovered. The colonists discovered a large abundance of cod near their colony, which led to the creation of fishing industries, a business that turned into a very important part of New England life. Along with fishing, the fores ts surrounding the New England colonies allowed the colonists to start shipbuilding companies, which also added to the economy. However, although the fishing and shipbuilding were important to the New England economy, a majority of the people continued to grow family-sized farms. While the Chesapeake region had large plantations which made town  meetings and get-togethers nearly impossible, the sea-oriented businesses of the New England colonies allowed the towns to be more extroverted. Although both regions of colonies in the New World had originated from the same small island, almost immediately the resulting societies differed substantially. Since one group of colonists fled from their home country to avoid religious persecution, and another group fled in order to avoid an economic depression, one society started with a stronger religious bases than the other. Since one group began with families and strong values while another group began with a large group of men and few women, one society had stronger family ties while the other one worried about extinction. Since one group established an autocracy bas ed off of large plantations, and the other off of small fishing and farming communities, one society had a larger gap between poor and rich than the other. The differences between family values, population, economy, and religion between the Chesapeake region and New England caused the two regions to form extremely separate societies.

Report on use of information seeking skills Essay

Report on use of information seeking skills - Essay Example My first impulse was to type in the search engine (directed by the pink arrow) the keyword "Nursing Health Care Teams Journal". However, upon doing so I got listings which were very vague and very irrelevant. The first on the list was about a nursing organization with no indication of what I was looking for. Then, I thought, if I was searching the documents manually, I will go to the library. It occurred to me that there was a library icon in the interface directed by the blue arrow. Upon clicking the library icon, I entered a site where there was a category dubbed as Resource which contained the subcategory Database. I figured that since I needed data regarding a journal then this is what exactly I am looking for so I clicked the Database icon. What appeared on the screen were search categories such as Database Titles and Database Subjects. These categories were accompanied by letters A to Z indicating the first letter of the title of the database. I clicked the letter N under the database Subjects as I was searching journals regarding Nursing. I was given a list of databases which started with the letter N. I saw the subject "Nursing and Health: A SAGE Full Text Edition" as I reckoned that since I was looking for the text of a journal, this would be the most probable place to search. What appeared in the screen was a text stating the terms and condition of use of the database and decision icons on whether I was agreeing to the terms of use or not. I clicked the "I Agree" button and entered my official username and password provided by the University. What happened next was that I was directed to the CSA Illumina site where I clicked Browse Full Text besides the Health Sciences: A SAGE FULL TEXT Collection. A list of the journals appeared in the screen where I clicked Policy, Politics and Nursing Practice Volume 1-7, 2000-2006. I chose this because I was looking for information regarding nursing and team health care. Politics and policy certainly applies to teams and organizations. I browsed through the available volumes and issues and I found many articles which relates to my inquiry. Among the many articles I chose the "The effect of nurse's use of principles of learning organization and organizational effectiveness" by Jeong, et. al. (2007) provided by the Medline database and the "Learning From the Best: The Benefits of a Structured Health Policy Fellowship in Developing Nursing Health Policy Leaders"

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 82

Case Study Example   Should all science be in agreement?   In Wakefield’s case, it is established that conflict of interest existed while he carried out his research. The fact that he obtained monetary benefits for carrying out his research against MMR vaccine makes it clear that his research is flawed due to conflict of interest. Other scientific bodies further investigated the link between autism and MMR vaccination and found none. Here, sticking with science is justifiable, although science can be flawed and could lead to erroneous conclusions. In Wakefield’s case, his research was proved wrong. It is difficult to arrive at a decision when conflicting reports are presented by scientists. This is because innumerable factors dictate the direction and conclusion of any research. One can never say for sure that a particular research might be accurate or correctly interpreted. At such a time, it is only logical to first find out the motives behind the research. Often, the scientist’s motivations influence the research, as in Wakefield’s case. In addition to motives, the research design, methodology and interpretation should be scrutinized to identify flaws. It is necessary for all science to be in agreement. However, practically, this can never be the case because it is impossible to carry out perfect research. There could be bias related errors, procedure related errors, protocol errors, flawed reporting of results, etc. As seen in the WebMD article, evidence exists both in favor and against the link between MMR vaccination and autism, mercury (thiomersal) and autism. Opposite parties point out flaws in each other’s research. If all research were perfect, all science would definitely have been in

Industry Experience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Industry Experience - Assignment Example My experience would contribute to the development of a management report because I have the background and knowledge in management to help a company formulate its overall strategies and goals. For example, I am aware that HRM (Human Resource Management) is one of the prime examples through which strategic management can influence what occurs within a company by a mixture of theory and pragmatic practice. It is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. Many firms are realizing that a traditional functional organization is evermore unsuitable for the current environment in which they operate. The present time and environment demand firms to be more agile and adapt quickly to their surroundings. The best method here, firms have realized, is to develop easily deployable teams containing individuals that are fit for certain jobs and projects. The process by which a firm formulates and implements its strategy through the resources at its disposal. It can be mirrored with the actual definition of management as well in that it is devising goals and methods by which an organization is to be run, with a direction (Kono, 1996). Strategic management dwells upon where the firm currently stands, where it will be in three (short term), five (mid term) or ten (long term) years if no changes are made, whether this predicted position of the firm is acceptable, and if not, what changes will have to be made now in order to secure a position where it is envisioned to be in. Strategic management rises above the petty problems of day to day business processes to devise a direction for the firm and

Incorporating Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incorporating Theory - Term Paper Example Under the structure, the theory draws information from the factors that surround the environment in which care is delivered. For the process, the theory looks at the actions healthcare professionals undertake in order to deliver quality care. Finally, the outcomes section looks at the effects on delivery of health care. This theory is most relevant to this study, as it has been successfully used in past studies that were reviewing CLASBI prevention (Dougherty, 2012; Viswanatha, 2011). The theoretical framework developed by Danabedian will ensure all components under infection control are addressed towards preventing CLASBI. The theory has been widely used in assessing the three most important components under infection control. These include the environment in which care is delivered, the actions taken during delivery of care, and the outcomes. The proposed study investigates if the use of alcohol impregnated port protector caps to decreases the number of central line-associated bloodstream infections. This follows the various research findings showing that disinfection caps may be the way to go as far as CLASBI prevention and control is concerned (Wawrzyniak et al., 2014; Wright, et al., 2013). The theory, in this case, will carry out a systematic assessment of each component of this study, which involves the environment, practices involved, and results of care provided to confirm if the proposed solution works. Every component of the theory will be incorporated into the project. This will be achieved by considering the theory’s three major components. Under structure, the theoretical framework will be used to assess the effectiveness of alcohol impregnated port protector caps. For process, the framework will be used to monitor the nurses’ activities during the delivery of care as they utilize the alcohol impregnated port protector caps. Finally, the framework will be used to assess the outcomes of the whole project in

To what extent has North Korean foreign policy became less Essay

To what extent has North Korean foreign policy became less isolationist since the Cold War - Essay Example The tension between these two states has led to the loss of million lives in each side of the parallel from 1948 until 2002 (Foreign and Commonwealth Office 2008, cited in Turku, 2009). North Korea claimed that South Korea is a puppet of the United States. In addition, the North Korea accused South Korea of being anti-national and as an aid to foreign aggressors. Kim II Sung, throughout his reign, asked South Koreans to initiate a revolution that would abolish the US fascist military dictatorship. He further reiterated that armed struggle serves as the only means in order for the South Korea to be liberated from colonizers and oppressors. Kim II-Sung asserted that South Koreans, inspired by the construction of the Northern half and achievements in the socialist revolution, will be impelled to seek for reunification of the nation (Turku, 2009). The two nations agreed to discuss normalizing their relations starting on August 1971. The Inter-Korean summit on June 13 to 15, 2000, which is followed on October 2 to 4, 2007 in Pyongyang, marked the greatest progress that these two nations took towards peaceful coexistence. The two nations agreed to produce a joint declaration for national unification in the Korean peninsula and peaceful co-existence in the first summit (Moon 2002, cited in Turku, 2009). These historical summits were facilitated by the â€Å"sunshine policy† of South Korea. This policy has three principles namely, engage in economic terms with North Korea, respect the sovereignty of the North, and lastly zero tolerance for aggression manifested by North Korea (Turku, 2009). The present administration in South Korea abandoned the â€Å"sunshine policy† term; however, its policy still continues to concentrate on cooperation, principles of engagement, and dialogue with the North Korea. A summit that occurred on June 15, 2000 serves as historical milestones for the two nations. What was deemed as impossible in the past finally

How does Tesco maintain its lead in the online grocery market Assignment

How does Tesco maintain its lead in the online grocery market - Assignment Example Against this background, this essay seeks to critically evaluate the measures implemented by Tesco in order to maintain its lead in the online grocery market. The paper starts by outlining the historical background of the supermarket chain; this is followed by a detailed analysis of how it harnesses the use of the internet in its operations. Background information about Tesco According to Datamonitor (2004), Tesco PLC is the largest food retailer in the UK and it operates around 2,318 stores worldwide where 1,878 stores are located in the UK. The supermarket chain also operates stores in the rest of Europe and Asia and it is headquartered in Hertfordshire, the UK. The company is comprised of 367,000 employees worldwide (250,000 of them in the UK), sales of more than ?37billion and it has an estimated 30 % of the market share in the grocery industry in the UK. However, Paton (2005) suggests that Tesco now ranges far beyond food, given that it now offers services which include â€Å"b anking, flower delivery, online diets, legal advice, DVD rental and telecoms.† Tesco prides itself in training and retaining talented workers despite criticisms by other sectors of the society. Technological factors Technological development in ICT has immensely contributed to the positive growth of the organisation, especially through the use of the internet. For instance, online shopping has significantly improved the operations of the organisation given that the bulk of its customers can conduct their business in the comfort of their homes. The supermarket chain has fully harnessed the use of the internet in its online grocery market. The supermarket chain is comprised of Tesco.com, a wholly-owned subsidiary offering a complete online service, including tescodirect.com and tesco.net (Datamonitor, 2004). The company is also in a better position to maintain its lead in the online grocery market because it offers a range of online financial services. According to information o btained from (http://www.essaycoursework.com/modelanswer/business/help/pestle/tescos.php, ND), Tesco.com is regarded as the world’s biggest online supermarket and it is believed that it generates sales worth over ?577 million every year. There are different factors that contribute to the success of Tesco’s online business. Specially designed website Through the use of a specially designed website, Tesco is able to appeal to the interests of many customers as possible regardless of their geographical location. It acts as a global store whereby people from all corners of the world can make purchases online which is a great advantage for the organisation. The other reason for its success in online business is that its website has a catalogue of every product offered, which makes it relatively easier for the customers to do online shopping in the comfort of their homes without any hassle. The website is user friendly given that it is easier to navigate in search of differe nt products. Research has shown that there are more than one million households that use the company’s online services across the whole world and this is seen as a competitive advantage to the company since it is better positioned to receive more revenue from its operations (Datamonitor,

Compare how Hardy and Shaw present women Essay Example for Free

Compare how Hardy and Shaw present women Essay Thomas Hardys tragic novel Tess of the DUrbervilles and George Bernard Shaws comedy play Pygmalion both highlight the treatment of women during the Victorian Era however, they both use different genre and style to explore this. The injustice towards women is clearly highlighted by Tesss famous quote Whip me, crush me; I shall not cry out. Once victim, always victimthats the law! This clearly demonstrates Hardys view of women being victimized by men and this is a view also taken by Shaw; he highlights this in his play through the ill treatment of Eliza by Higgins A woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Many Victorian readers were horrified at the authors feminist views as they thought it was natural that men treated women as inferiors and were shocked at the authors for sympathizing with their female protagonist. The Victorian attitude that women were subservient to the man comes from the biblical view that Eve was made from a part of Adam. Hardy and Shaws views refer form the Darwinian view of species which does not place men above woman which caused controversy within the Victorians. Hardy and Shaw give a sympathetic presentation of their female protagonist in order to make their hardships seem worse. Tess is descried as a simple country girl who is eager to learn about life she has full zest of life willing to learn she is continuously described by Hardy as beautiful Holmberry lips, Flower like mouth, beautiful white hart and virginally white. Hence we feel sympathetic towards her when she has to work at Flintcomb Ash, where the stubborn soil and stony lachets make working condition very horrific. Shaw describes Eliza as not all a romantic figure to highlight that this is the consequences of her living conditions; she lives in a small room with very old wall paper hanging loose in the damp places the only visible luxuries: a wretched bed heaped with all sorts of coverings which makes us feel sympathetic towards her. Shaw demonstrates the change of appearance in Eliza after she has been living with Higgins. After she has been washed, Shaw highlights her beauty impression remarkable distinction and beauty commenting on the fact now she has better living conditions her beauty can be seen; this is also visible in act three though the stage direction in Mrs. Higgins house such remarkable distinction and beauty as she enters that they all rise , quite fluttered. As I said above in the Victorian era women were usually seen as subordinate to men, they were regarded as mens property. Shaw portrays this by using Elizas father as a good example; Mr. Doolittle says this girl belongs to me and decides to sell her to Higgins for five pounds not a penny more or less. The dialogue used by Elizas father might be presented in a humorous manner; however, its impact on the reader is more effective as they see the harsh living conditions and treatment Eliza has to face. Eliza is effectively sold by her father to Higgins, Well, whats a five-pound note to you? And whats Eliza to me? she knows nothing about it- Shaw stresses the fact women were innocent and were used by men just to provide some money. They did not have a right to revolt as they had no control over the male figures in their lives. In Pygmalion no harm comes to Eliza even thought she is sold this is because Shaws keeping in mind that the play is light heart and comedy. The idea of selling their daughter is also is clear in Tess when Joan Durberfield dresses Tess up in her Sunday best when Alec is meant to come and collect her. Joan does this in hopes of Tess attracting Alec and they would get married which would be ideal for the families economical situation. Hardy points out this desperation to highlight the fact it was not just men who sold their daughters; there were also women who had to use their daughters beauty as a weapon for money and attraction towards men Her mothers pride in the girls appearance led her to step back like a painter from his easel, and survey her work as a whole. Even though Joan does this with affection there are deeper motives involved Hardy clearly use this to show that this novel is a tragedy and this selling will have terrible consequences in Tesss life. Shaw and Hardy also clearly portray women as the puppets or dolls who are easily used by men and are not allowed to be in control of their own actions and destiny. Higgins views Eliza as an experiment, Yes, by George: its the most absorbing experiment I ever tackled. Shaw states that Eliza is nothing more than a live doll without a mind of her own you certainly are a pretty pair of babies playing with your live doll. She is still a lifeless statue with an element of crudeness in her parrot-like conversation Shes to keep to two subjects: and not let herself go on things in general. Shaw demonstrates that merely fine clothes and the right accent are not sufficient to make a lady. Elizas accomplishments are artificial as stated by Higgins no more artificial duchesses. As Mrs. Higgins astutely proclaims, Eliza is simply a triumph of Higgins art and of her dressmakers. Hardy relates this in Alecs treatment of Tess during their first meeting, Tess is some what dazzled by Alec charm, as he spoke, in a way that made her blush a little and he takes advantage of that. Tess is looking for a job because she feels responsible for her families misfortune Well, as I killed the horse, mother, she said mournfully, I suppose I ought to do something. therefore goes to ask Alec for help. He realizes this and manipulates her until she seems to be in an abstracted half- hypnotized state and the kiss of mastery highlights that fact Tess is continuously controlled by Alec. Hardy and Shaw highlight the paradox that men blame women for their beauty and attraction and criticise men for then failing to accept responsibility for their actions. Hardy clearly portrays this by the use of Alec. He blames Tess for being the cause of his downfall saying that she has cast a spell on me with your beauty Alec later also states that Thats what every woman says after he has raped her complaining about the fact all women say no but they mean the opposite. Shaw shows these themes through his play mostly as comedy however their impact upon the reader is very immense as they understand the deeper meaning of it. Its clearly highlighted by Eliza repeating the phrase I am a good girl I am to reflect the fact she not a prostitute and she is pure even though she works as a flower girl makes us feel sympathetic towards Eliza as she continuously has to defend herself. This issue of purity is also visible in Hardys Tess as he comments on the beliefs of the Victorian era and as an omniscient narrator gives his book the sub-title Pure women thus asking the Victorian reader what is pure? Similarly Shaw highlights the irony of his book through the sub-title A Romance in five acts as Higgins and Elizas story is nothing to do with romance. Although both women suffer real hardship both Hardy and Shaw use their reaction to those to hardship to further strengthen the feminist stance of both texts. Tess and Eliza are shown very independent and want to control their own life. They clearly do not regard the social rules inflicted upon them by the male characters within their life as morally right. Tess usurps the male power of judgment. The law will not protect her from rape or redress the wrong has been done, or punishes the rapist, or give her back her child or her lost virtue. She takes the law into her own hands and punishes the offender, as she took Christianity into her own hands to get her dying baby into heaven. But Tess hands are a womans hands and within the era they would have been seen as incapable to administer sacraments and they are not supposed to administer justice so her death is inevitable. Similarly Eliza, who would never have been a lady if she was a flower girl to start off with, she clearly highlight to Higgins that the difference between a lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves, but how shes treated telling him that his treatment its the reason why she is leaving him. The independence of both women helps them decide their own future and so in the end they both accept the problems or consequences they will face as Eliza states I sold flowers. I didnt sell myself. Now youve made a lady of me Im not fit to sell anything else. Although both female protagonists do not particularly have a ending they desire nevertheless they both have been in control of their own actions and have created their own destiny, enabling, Hardy and Shaw to end their work on a more feminist assertive note.

Clinical Nursing Essay Example for Free

Clinical Nursing Essay Introduction Nurses utilize multiple theories daily to care for patients and their families, though these theories range from grand, to situation-specific, to mid-range the nurse tends to focuses on which theory will provide the best care to his/her patient. Perhaps in my opinion mid-range theories with their growing frequency of use are best suited for nursing in the 21st century. Mid-range theories are said to be middle rather than ordinary but they are specific enough to evaluate observed situations (McCurry, Revell, Roy, 2009). There are multiple reasons why mid-range theories offer some of the most up to date information when it comes to the care of our patients and families, but let’s just break it down to three; interpersonal relations, family, and health promotion. The middle range theories of these three examples will provide a set of assumptions and/or predictions from specific situations confirmed by research (Nolan Grant, 1991). Interpersonal relations First, Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations has influenced patient care in the 21st century worldwide. What is so crucial and probably most significant with this mid-range theory is its focus on human issues and its value of future generations (Barker, 1998). Nurses utilize this theory to treat each patient as an individual realizing that each person and their situation are unique. By applying this knowledge to each patient the nurse is able to develop a therapeutic relationship, which will promote the planning and implementation of nursing care. For nursing care to be successful they must view the nurse/patient relationship as a partnership being aware both are working together for a common goal (Barker, 1998). Also, interpersonal relations are used in all areas of nursing, which is why it is so important for the future of nursing, because without these relationships we would not be effective in our profession. These relationships are needed to expand our know ledge of each patient and their situation. By establishing trust the patients are encouraged to express themselves openly and honestly. Therefore the relationship built bridges barriers that may have hindered the patient outcome. Family Second, Hildegard Peplau’s mid-range theory of family systems has revolutionized the nursing approach in which families are incorporated into decision makers. Currently, families are viewed as the most influenecial person when it comes to the care of their loved one, meaning not only are nurses to build a therapeutic relationship and trust with the patient but with their family as well (Forchuck Dorsay, 1995). This theory molds nurses into advocates for the family unit, which in turn influences the patient’s quality of life. These relationships with families are crucial when it comes to care, for example, if a patient was unable to provide the nurse with health history or tell them when they are in pain the family is able to be the eyes, ears and speech of their loved one. This action improves the care for the patient and nurses need the families as much as the patient needs the nurse. This is one of the reason’s why this theory works in the 21st century even wi th all the technology in the world, we as nurses still need the human interaction to open our eyes to the patient/family dynamic. Family system nursing is both the individual and the family simultaneously instead of just merely family nursing where the nurse takes care of the patient within the context of the family (Forchuck Dorsay, 1995). This practice focuses on the interactions and relationships made between the nurse, individual and family. In order for this theory to be successful the nurse must be aware of the range of choices and downfalls associated with family system nursing. Also it is necessary to build on these relationships to provide creative personal choice and consistent flow of care for the patient to enhanced achievable goals. This engagement of nursing with family systems opens the door for problem solving of patient situations, which implements structure in the nurse/individual/family relationship (Forchuck Dorsay, 1995). Health promotion Third, is the promotion and maintenance of health by utilizing Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model. Health promoting behavior is enhanced through nursing practice, which enhances the patient’s overall well being. This mid-range theory is important today because it guides a supportive and educative system in health promotion in a patient who needs teaching and  demonstration in performing self-care. By applying this method the nurse is able to identify patient’s health promoting behavior’s such as, health importance, self-efficacy, perceived control of health and perceived health status to find any gaps and/or barriers to their health promoting behavior (Simmons, 1990). By promoting health the nurse seeks to care for the individual by developing these behaviors of healthy living, which sets the stage for the individuals to gain knowledge to care for themselves. This applies to all nurses who actively promote healthy living by becoming an active influence in developing healthy living behaviors through education and guidance. Conclusion These middle range theories set the groundwork for research. Each are utilized daily in clinical practice to provide the best patient care. The rationale for considering the middle range theories is an important factor when considering a care plan, which requires the use of the nursing process. These theories follow the nursing process and help guide our responses to promote, educate, integrate and build relationships with these individuals and their families with the same common goal of promoting health. These authors point out how the nursing profession is influential in the care of other and how their actions influence health beliefs. These middle range theories build on other theories, which is why they are so important in nursing practice today. These theories can be used in different areas of nursing as well as using multiple theories in one area of nursing such as mental health. Also, middle range theories have identified multiple interventions for health related issues throug h simple research (McCurry et al., 2009). Nurses like myself have adopted these theories and incorporate them into daily practice to increase my own understanding of my patient and their situations and this is why I chose middle range theories. References Barker, P. (1998). The future of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations? A personal reflection on Peplau’s legacy. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 5, 213-220. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2850.1998.00128.x Forchuk, C. Dorsay, J. (1995). Hildegard Peplau meets family systems nursing: innovation in theory-based practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 110-115. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.21010110.x McCurry, M. Roy, C. (2009). Knowledge for the good of the individual and society: linking philosophy, disciplinary goals, theory, and practice. Nursing Philosophy, 11, 42-52. doi:10.1111/j.1466769X.2009.00423.x Nolan, M. Grant, G. (1992). Mid-range theory building and the nursing theory-practice gap: a respite care case study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 217-223. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01876.x Simmons, S. (1990). The Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model: directions for nursing research and practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1162-1166. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2646.1990.tb01708.x

The Inhibitory Effects of Low Power Radiofrequency

The Inhibitory Effects of Low Power Radiofrequency Inhibitory effects of low thermal radiofrequency radiation on physiological parameters of Zea mays seedlings grown Mihaela Răcuciu1, Cora Iftode2 and Simona MiclăuÃ…Å ¸3 Abstract. The inhibitory effects of low power radiofrequency field on physiological parameters of Zea mays plantlets developed from exposed seeds were obtained in present experiment. Identical biological samples of 30 Zea mays seeds with a uniform genophond were exposed to a continuous wave at a frequency of 1GHz, inside a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell, for different exposure times between 0 and 8 hours, and then let to germinate. By numerical dosimetry computations, an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of energy deposition per sample of 0.47W/kg was obtained and SAR distribution over the sample was determined. The assimilatory pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoid pigments) and average nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) contents in the green tissues of all experimental samples as well as in the control plants were assayed by spectrophotometric methods, after 12 days of plant growth. Decreased levels of all assimilatory pigments and nucleic acids were obtained for a ll exposure durations, as compared to the control sample. Also, it was found that the enhanced exposure time had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the 12 day old plantlets. Introduction The scientific interest about the effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields on biological materials, especially plants, dates since the 19th century [1]. Not a few of the earlier experiments on plant material have been focused on the effect of radio frequency electromagnetic fields on seeds. In many cases, the short exposure resulted in increased germination rate and stimulation of seedlings growth [2]. Ponomarev et al. [3] investigated the influence of low intensity microwave radiation on the germination of cereals (winter and spring wheat, spring barley, oats), observing an increasing of germination rate for all the treated seeds. Khalafallah et al. showed in their experiment that the germination grains and growth rate of exposed maize seedlings, significantly increased compared to the control. Also, photosynthetic pigments levels, total soluble sugar and total carbohydrates were positively affected by 945MHz electromagnetic field exposure [4]. Jonas reported that the action of microwave radiations on Zea mays seedlings damaged the photosynthetic system and led to significant increase of the carotene and anthocyanin production [5]. Tkalec et al. exposed Lemna minor L. plants to 900 MHz electromagnetic field and then was observed a decreasing of the plants growth for 2 hours exposure, even if the germination rate and the root lengths not changed significantly [6]. M. Ursache et al. [7] exposed Zea mays seedlings at 418 MHz electromagnetic field for relatively short exposure times (1 to 4 hours), and observed increasing of the photosynthetic pigments levels. L. Oprică [8] has studied microwave treatment with power density under 1 mW/cm3 on rapeseeds and concluded that the exposure determined variations of catalase and peroxidase activities depending on the age of the plants and time of exposure. Sandu et al. [9] studied the 400MHz electromagnetic field influence on the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) seedlings. Chlorophyll a as well as chlorophyll b level was found to decrease and chlorophyll ratio was decreasing logarithmically to the increase of daily exposure time on the electromagnetic field. Rou x et al. [10] showed that a non-thermal 900MHz electromagnetic field is able to evoke rapid accumulation of some transcripts (like Ca2+ receptors) that are known to play a role in the early events of plant responses to stress in tomato plants. The present study aimed to quantify the effects of low-power 1GHz electromagnetic field action on Zea mays seeds, by assessing of the photosynthetic pigments and nucleic acid total level in seedlings developed from exposed seeds. The seeds exposure took place in a well-controlled environment and was seconded by a proper microwave dosimetric analysis. Materials and methods Biological material. Considering its economic importance for agriculture and food industry the popcorn seeds (Zea mays) were chosen as biological material. In order to diminish the putative genophond variations in this experiment were used seeds from a single plant with vigorous biological features from an experimental micropopulation. Irradiated seeds germination occurred on porous paper support, in darkness and closed Petri dishes, environmental conditions being kept under peer control (temperature being 24 ±0.50 C and 98% humidity). After germination the young plantlets development was conducted in the same controlled laboratory conditions (t=23 ±0.50C, illumination -11h: 13h light/dark cycle and 90% humidity) and the culture medium of young plantlets was daily watered with the same amount of deionized water. Exposure system and modelling-simulation. Biological samples composed of 30 Zea mays seeds each, having a uniform genophond, were exposed one by one (in a Petri dish) to 1GHz microwave, inside a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell, for different exposure times between 1 hour and 8 hours (Fig. 1). The TEM cell was model IFI CC-104SEXX (Instruments for Industry, USA) and at the input port the incident power Pin=11.5W was delivered from a radiofrequency signal generator model Hameg HM 3184-3 through a power amplifier Ophir 5150. At the output port the cell was terminated by a 50 ohm matched impedance. In this way, a relatively uniform electric (E) field strength distribution was obtained in a large volume between the floor and the septum of the TEM cell [x], at the place where the sample was exposed. A modelling-simulation step followed, in order to obtain the specific absorption rate of energy deposition (SAR) in the sample. The validation of the approach [x] showed that in general a good agreement between measured and simulated SAR is obtained. In present case, the simulation was made in CST Microwave Studio. The simulated TEM cell and the sample disposal inside it is observed in Fig. 1a, while in Fig.1b the distribution of the seeds in the Petri dish during exposure is indicated. Getting primary data from the real sample, each corn seed was then modelled as a little ellipsoid, with the axes of 10.80.41 cm, and with an average mass of 0.317g. The mass density of a corn seed was of 1.8628g/cm3. The dielectric properties of the seeds were extracted from [xx], by considering an average of 23% relative humidity of the sample. So, the dielectric data for Zea mays were: relative permittivity real part which is related to the stored energy, was ÃŽ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢r=7.15, relative permittivi ty – imaginary part, which is related to the dissipation (or loss) of energy was ÃŽ µÃ¢â‚¬ r =1.52, and the electric conductivity was ÏÆ'=84.510-3 S/m. (b) Fig.1. The modeled TEM cell and the disposal of the corn seeds sample inside it, for uniform exposure to 1GHz/11.5W: a) the position of the Petri dish inside the cell during the exposure; b) the disposal of the seeds inside the dish Analysis methods. The assimilatory pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoid pigments) and average nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) levels in the green tissues of all experimental samples as well as in the control plants were assayed by spectrophotometric methods using a JASCO V530 spectrophotometer UV-VIS device provided with quartz cells of 1cm width, after the 12 days of plant growth. Using the Lichtenthaler and Welburn’s method [11], the assay of the assimilatory pigments extracts (in 80% acetone) was performed, while the assay of nucleic acid level (in perchloric acid 6% extracts) was carried out accordingly to modified Spirin’s method (Spirin [12]; Struchkov et al. [13]). Spectrophotometric measurements were performed at the wavelengths of: 663nm, 646nm and 470nm (versus acetone 80%) for the assay of chlorophylls (Chla, Chlb) and carotenoids pigments (Car) from green tissues and, at 260nm and 280nm (versus perchloric acid 6%) in the case of nucleic ac ids. For obtaining of photosynthetic pigments levels, the formulas from Lichtenthaler and Welburn [11] were applied while the calibration curves (based on the spectral readings to the mentioned wavelengths) were used in the case of nucleic acids. The biological material, used in the analysis conducted in this study, was consisted of green tissue obtained by mixing up the green tissue from the all young plantlets grown from each experimental group (sample). It was used the same amount of fresh green tissue mass for each experimental sample. Plant individual length was measured with 0.1cm precision and the average lengths and the standard deviations were calculated for each batch of test seeds. Using the Student test, the confidence interval was calculated for every batch of plantlets for the confidence levels P = 90%, 95% and 99%. Since chlorophylls ratio revealed the response of the LHC II system (Light Harvesting Complex II) to the external stimuli, these experimental data offered the main insight into the photosynthesis complex processes (Ort et al.[14]). Statistic analysis. Statistic analysis of the experimental data, resulted from the three repetitions of the whole experiment, was accomplished by means of ANOVA test applied using MsExcell soft package to evaluate reliability of modifications induced by electromagnetic field exposure in comparison to the control ones as well as among the samples corresponding to different exposure time, considering the significance criterion of 0.05 (p value). Results and discussions The SAR distribution, obtained in the simulation (Fig.2), was not very uniform, varying between 0.27-0.65W/kg, with an average value SARavg=0.47W/kg. With this SAR value, and by considering a specific heat of the corn c=3350 J/kg.degC, an expected temperature increase due to microwave exposures between 0.50degC and 4.04degC is expected, when no heat exchange would take place between the seeds sample and the environment. This would conduct to a low-thermal effect. Fig.2. SAR distribution along the 30 seeds probe exposed in the TEM cell at 1GHz The average lengths of plantlets and afferent standard deviations were calculated for each batch of test seeds and represent in Figure 2 in function of electromagnetic field exposure time. It was found an inhibitory effect on plant growth under the 1GHz electromagnetic field action with enhanced exposure times. The confidence interval was calculated for every batch of plantlets using the Student test, for the confidence level P = 90%. All length plantlet results are statistically significant in comparison to control. Fig.2. The average length of 12 days old plantlets in function of exposure time The contents of photosynthesis pigments (a and b chlorophylls and total carotenoids) in the green tissue of young Zea mays plantlets (aged of 12 days) for experimental samples in Fig. 3 are presented. The chlorophyll a level, the main photosynthesis pigment, was found decreased for all electromagnetic field exposure times used in this experiment comparatively to the control sample (plants growth was performed only in deionised water presence) (statistically significant in relation to the threshold of 0.05). Fig. 3. Assimilatory pigments level in Zea mays plantlets versus 1GHz electromagnetic field exposure time. (Chl a –the content of chlorophyll a, Chl b – the content of chlorophyll b, Car – the content of total carotenoid pigments). The total assimilatory pigments contents had the same variation to the increase of exposure time of electromagnetic field action on 12 days young plantlets that was observed for chlorophyll a level. The chlorophylls ratio (chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b) is considered the best indicator upon the photosynthesis process efficiency (Ort et al.[14]) which provides indirect information on the enzymatic aggregates of the Light Harvesting Complex II (LHC II) from the photosynthetic system II located in the chloroplasts membranes. A slight variation of chlorophylls ratio was observed for enhanced exposure time only for the greater exposure time (8 hours) was observed decreased value, with 22% than unexposed sample value (statistical significance was ensured relatively to the threshold of p Fig. 4. The effects of electromagnetic field exposure on chlorophylls ratio (Chl a/Chl b) From results, it was observed for relatively small exposure times a tendency to accumulation of more chlorophylls than carotenoids while for enhanced exposure times (between 4 and 8 hours) this tendency has been changed, observing an accumulation of more carotenoids than chlorophylls at plant level. Chlorophylls to carotenoids ratio decreased with 1GHz electromagnetic field exposure time (Fig. 5). Fig.5. (Chl a+Chl b)/Car level for the plantlets provided by electromagnetic field exposed seeds The nucleic acids average content in young Zea mays plantlets after 12 days of grown developed from 1GHz electromagnetic field exposed seeds is presented in Fig. 6. It was observed that for increasing electromagnetic field exposure time the nucleic acid biosynthesis was inhibited (about 75 %) in comparison to the control sample (plants developed from unexposed seeds). Applying the t-test to compare control and test sample, data for the average nucleic acid level statistic significance (p Fig. 6. The level of DNA and RNA for the plantlets provided by electromagnetic field exposed seeds Conclusions References [1] P. A. Ark, W. Parry, â€Å"Application of high-frequency electrostatic fields in agriculture,† The Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 172–191, 1940. [2] V. N. Tran, â€Å"Effects of microwave energy on the strophiole, seed coat and germination of acacia seeds,† Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 277–287, 1979. [3] Ponomarev, L. I., V. à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢. Dolgodvorov, V. V. Popov, S. V. Rodin, à Ã… ¾. à Ã‚ . Roman, The effect of low-intensity electromagnetic microwave field on seed germination (in Russian), Proceedings of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 1996, 2, 42–46. [4] A.A. Khalafallah, Samira M. Sallam, Response of maize seedlings to microwave at 945MHz, Romanian Journal of Biophysics, Vol. 19, No. 1, P. 49–62, 2009 [5] Jonas, H., Responses of maize seedlings to microwave irradiations, Environmental Pollution Series B. Chemical and Physical, 1983, 6, 207–219. [6] M. Tkalec, K. Malaric, B. Pevalek-Koylina, Influence of 400, 900, and 1900 MHz electromagnetic fields on Lemna minor growth and peroxidase activity, Bioelectromagnetics, vol.26(3), pp.185–193, 2005. [7] M. Ursache, G. Mindru, D.E. Creanga, F.M. Tufescu, C. Goiceanu, The effects of high frequency electromagnetic waves on the vegetal organisms, Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 54, Nos. 1–2, P. 133–145, 2009 [8] L., Oprica, Effect of microwave on the dynamics of some oxidoreductase enzymes in Brassica napus germination seeds, „Alexandru Ioan Cuza† University Scientific Annals genetic and Molecular Biology Section, 2008, IX(4), 11–16. [9] D. D. Sandu, C. Goiceanu, A. Ispas, I. Creanga, S. Miclaus, D.E. Creanga, A preliminary study on ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields effect on black locust chlorophylls, Acta Biologica Hungarica, 56(1/2) (2005), 109-117. [10] D. Roux, A.Vian, S. Girard, P. Bonnet, F. Paladian, E. Davies, G. Ledoigt, Electromagnetic fields (900MHz) evoke consistent molecular responses in tomato plants, Physiologia Plantarum, vol. 128, pp.283-288, 2006. [11] H.K. Lichtenthaler, A.R. Wellburn, Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents, Biochem. Soc. Transact., 11, 591 – 559 (1983) [12] A. Spirin, Spectrophotometric determination of total nucleic acids, Biokhimiya (USSR), 23, 656–662 (1958) [13] V.A. Struchkov, N.B. Strazhevskaya, R.I. Zhdanov, DNA-bound lipids of normal and tumor cells: retrospective and outlooks for functional genomics, Bioelectrochemistry, 58, 23-30 (2002) [14] D. Ort, J. Whitmarsh, Photosynthesis. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Macmillan, London; 2001. [x] C. Iftode C., S. Miclaus, â€Å"Design and Validation of a TEM Cell Used for Radiofrequency Dosimetric Studies†, Progress in Electromagnetic Research – PIER, vol. 132, pp.369-388, 2012. [xx] E. Surducan, C. Neamtu, V. Surducan, Dielectric properties of Zea mays kernels – studies for Microwave Power Processing Applications, Processes in Isotopes and Molecules, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 182 (2009) 012017, IOP Publishing, 2009.

Was Andrew Jackson a good president Essay -- essays papers

Was Andrew Jackson a good president Andrew Jackson was born in a backwoods settlement in the Carolinas in 1776. His parents, Scotch-Irish folk, came to America two years before his birth. His mother was widowed while pregnant with him. At age 13, Andrew joined a regiment. He and his brother were both captured and imprisoned together by the British. Their mother got them released, but his brother died on the long trip home. During his independent days, he lived in a tavern with other students. He gained a reputation for charisma, and wildness and hooliganism (Morris, Introduction). After practicing law for a few years in North Carolina, he took up a job as public prosecutor. And after another several years of practicing law, he married Rachel Donelson Robards, the estranged wife of an abusive husband. Andrew also cultivated the imposing bearing of a â€Å"gentleman†, which entailed, in those days in the South, a challenge to a duel in responses to any grave insult, or otherwise with whipping or caning (Morris, Introduction). In late 1795, Andrew was on the committee to draft a constitution. He was under some powerful men who made him the first member of the House of Representatives from Tennessee. While in Congress, he co-signed in a land speculation with partners who went bankrupt. Fortunately for him, he escaped debtors prison. He retained a lifelong distrust of banks, and paper money, which was involved in the transaction (Morris, Section 3). In an episode of Jacks...

Gangs Essay -- Gang Essays

Gangs Introduction I. -A Los Angeles family takes a wrong turn into gang territory and is fired upon. A 3-year-old is killed and her 2-year-old brother wounded. -A Chinese immigrant in Brooklyn is kidnapped by a Chinatown gang which demands ransom payments from her family. She is murdered when the family fails to pay. -Two FBI agents and a police sergeant are murdered inside the Washington, D.C. police headquarters by a gang member. -A Pittsburgh police sergeant walking home with his daughter is killed with his own gun after he stops and confronts a gang spraying graffiti on a street. II. Resolved : that the Federal Government should pass laws to prevent the development gang related youth violence. Definitions- 1. Development: as defined in Websters Dictionary is â€Å"to make more elaborate; to enlarge† 2. Gang: as defined in Websters is â€Å"A group of persons who are organized and work together or socialize regularly; a group of adolescent hoodlums or criminals; gang up on; to attack as a group.† 3. Violence: as defined in Websters is â€Å"Physical force or activity used to cause harm, damage or abuse† 4. Youth: as defined in Websters is â€Å"The appearance or state of appearing young; the time of life when one is not considered a adult; a young person† III. Our current juvenile justice system is no longer adequate for today's hardened young gang members. Demographics indicated this problem is not going away. In fact, only will get worse. This is a serious problem that can not be left unchecked. If this is not addressed it will only lead to the decay of our society. We must take action to combat gangs in a new way. Vice President Albert Gore recently told the White House press corps, "Gangs have been a major cause of the growth in violent crime in the past decade." He cited a Treasury Department report that found the presence of rival gangs, the Bloods and the Crips, in 35 states and 58 cities across the country. At the same press conference, Attorney General Janet Reno cited the impact of disabling one gang in New Haven, Connecticut. Eighteen members of the "Jungleboy" street gang were put in jail, and, according to Reno, New Haven's murder rate fell by one-third in 1993. I. Outline of Need Arguments A. Problem: Many highly rated experts warn of the impending youth crime crisis. Youth violent crime has been... ...where gangs dominate life and rain violent crime. Many of these children join gangs to find purpose, security, and self-esteem. The gang culture gives them a sense of belonging and remakes their value system. Partying, fighting, and vicious gang loyalty become their primary values, thus pushing aside virtues that favor family life. This is a vicious cycle and it must be broken. Given that youth gangs account for a disproportionate share of youth violence, their potential for contributing to a future crime wave is enormous. A recent decline in violent crime appears to be more a result of fewer teenagers than better law enforcement. When the current bumper crop of elementary-age children become adolescents, the violent crime rate is likely to explode. Gangs are the powder magazine, they must be dealt with before the bomb goes off. Rebuttal extensions- Population of 14-18 year olds Now 17,620,472 5 Years 18,628,635 + 6 % 10 Years 20,284,601 + 15%

Reserve bank of India Essay

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India’s central banking institution, which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee. It was established on 1 April 1935 during the British Raj in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 Main functions Bank of Issue Under Section 22 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, the Bank has the sole right to issue bank notes of all denominations. The distribution of one rupee notes and coins and small coins all over the country is undertaken by the Reserve Bank as agent of the government. The Reserve Bank has a separate Issue Department which is entrusted with the issue of currency notes. The assets and liabilities of the Issue Department are kept separate from those of the Banking Department. Monetary authority The Reserve Bank of India is the main monetary authority of the country and beside that the central bank acts as the bank of the national and state governments. It formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy as well as it has to ensure an adequate flow of credit to productive sectors. Regulator and supervisor of the financial system The institution is also the regulator and supervisor of the financial system and prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country’s banking and financial system functions. Its objectives are to maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors’ interest and provide cost-effective banking services to the public. The Banking Ombudsman Scheme has been formulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for effective addressing of complaints by bank customers. The RBI controls the monetary supply, monitors economic indicators like the gross domestic product and has to decide the design of the rupee banknotes as well as coins. Managerial of exchange control-The central bank manages to reach the goals of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Objective: to facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange  market in India. Issuer of currency- The bank issues and exchanges or destroys currency notes and coins that are not fit for circulation. The objectives are giving the public adequate supply of currency of good quality and to provide loans to commercial banks to maintain or improve the GDP. The basic objectives of RBI are to issue bank notes, to maintain the currency and credit system of the country to utilize it in its best advantage, and to maintain the reserves. RBI maintains the economic structure of the country so that it can achieve the objective of price stability as well as economic development, because both objectives are diverse in themselves. Banker of Banks- RBI also works as a central bank where commercial banks are account holders and can deposit money.RBI maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.[30] Commercial banks create credit. It is the duty of the RBI to control the credit through the CRR, bank rate and open market operations. As banker’s bank, the RBI facilitates the clearing of cheques between the commercial banks and helps inter-bank transfer of funds. It can grant financial accommodation to schedule banks. It acts as the lender of the last resort by providing emergency advances to the banks. It supervises the functioning of the commercial banks and take action against it if need arises. Developmental role- The central bank has to perform a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives and industries.[8] The RBI faces a lot of inter-sectoral and local inflation-related problems. Some of this problems are results of the dominant part of the public sector. Related functions-The RBI is also a banker to the government and performs merchant banking function for the central and the state governments. It also acts as their banker. The National Housing Bank (NHB) was established in 1988 to promote private real estate acquisition. The institution maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks, too. RBI on 7 August 2012 said that Indian banking system is resilient enough to face the stress caused by the drought like situation because of poor monsoon this year.

Hn 144 Unit 4 Assignment Essay

You will submit a 2–3 page double-spaced paper which should include a cover sheet and references page where you cite the article and the Code of Ethics. These are the only two sources you will need for this Assignment. If you choose to use additional sources, you will need to cite them as well. The paper should be written in APA format using Times New Roman, 12-point font. It should be no less than 500 words and written in paragraph format. You will need to include in-text citations and references. Part B: Ethics are defined as â€Å"a set of moral principles and perceptions about right versus wrong and the resulting philosophy of conduct that is practiced by an individual, group, profession, or culture† (Barker, 2001, p. 159). In the field of human services you will be interacting with individuals with a variety of needs within many systems. Due to the span of diversity among individuals it is important for you to become familiar with the ethical standards as set forth for human service professionals. The following Assignment will require you to find and discuss the importance of the ethical standards as developed by the National Organization of Human Services (NOHS). A code of ethics is â€Å"an explicit statement of the values, principles, and rules of a profession, regulating the conduct of its members† (Barker, 2001, p. 84). For this part of the Assignment, please complete the following: 1. On the internet, locate the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals developed by the National Organization of Human Services. 2. After finding the National Organization of Human Services ethical standards website make sure to bookmark this site as you will continue to reference this website throughout your studies. 3. Based upon the article in Part A, identify one ethical issue that may lead you as a human service professional to review the ethical standards and how you can resolve any ethical concerns. Why are the National Organization of Human Service ethical standards important to follow as you begin to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities? 4. Cite the National Organization of Human Services website and the Halstead article on your reference page. Submitting Your Assignment Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location, and with a name, that you will remember. When you are ready to submit it, go to the Dropbox and complete the steps below: * Click the link that says â€Å"Submit an Assignment.† * In the â€Å"Submit to Basket† menu, select Unit 4: Assignment * In the â€Å"Comments† field, make sure to add at least the title of your paper. * Click the â€Å"Add Attachments† button. * Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document. * To view your graded work, come back to the Dropbox or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it. Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment. STEVE’S JOURNEY ON THE HERO’S PATH It was a warm afternoon, characteristic of those in New England when one last bit of summer lingers before the emergence of autumn colors. I was a counselor in acollege counseling center, and the afternoon had been quiet as is usual for that time of year when students are first settling in on campus. Our office managerinformed me that a student had just walked in requesting to talk to a counselor about his difficulty sleeping. My first thought was that a student coming forcounseling on a beautiful afternoon and presenting with sleep disturbance would be dealing with the typical issues of a new student adjusting to college. I had no ideajust how atypical my encounter would be. Steve was a tall, slender male student in his early 20s. Upon greeting him, I noticed that his face lacked complete symmetry. The left side of his face was void ofexpression, and when he talked his lips pulled to his right. As we made our way to my office, I also noticed that his gait was unsteady, and he walked cautiously. As Ibegan a standard assessment, Steve told me that he was a junior transfer student who had graduated 3 months earlier from a community college near his home. Hewas away from home for the first time, had taken an apartment off-campus, and was living alone. He explained that he felt nervous about being away at school, washaving trouble sleeping, and needed to address this so that he could do well academically. He told me he had looked forward to attending this school for many yearsand did not want anything to stand in the way of his success. It was Steve’s medical history, however, that revealed the deeper elements of his struggle. At the age of 20, Steve had been a victim of a random violent attack. He had

Literature Review Human Resources Essay

This literature review will seek to research, analyse and evaluate two areas in human resource management (HRM) relating to Ethics and HRM, and Employment relations. Review 1 – Ethics and HRM The study of ethics in Human Relations Management (HRM) seems fraught with a plethora of historical and contemporary theories which seek to find clarity in an ever changing and challenging business environment. This review will identify the challenges faced by human resource professionals in ‘the honouring of duties owed to employees, stakeholders, and society in the pursuit of long-term wealth creation’ (Caldwell, Hayes, Bernal and Karri, 2008: 153) and will conclude that ethical HRM requires an understanding of the theories and principles; the organisational will to integrate these into their organisations strategic human resource management (SHRM) and the need to become a strategic partner in the management of the organisation. Ethical stewardship Smith and Hindman (2007: 16) claim that ‘Most people want to do the â€Å"right thing†. This is true in business as well as in life.’ To consider that this statement has merit, suggests that the debate over the theories and principles of ethics in HRM, can be seen to provide an understanding of how to achieve the best ethical outcome of a given situation. Winstanley and Woodall (2006: 9) clearly state that ‘Ethical reasoning is the ability to draw on relevant theory and frameworks to make more explicit the alternative interpretations and responses that could be made to inform decision-making’. Caldwell, Truong, Linh and Tuan (2011: 178) suggest that the responsibility falls in no small part, to the human resource professionals (HRPs) who ‘must encompass the moral perspectives of ethical stewardship and the unique contributions of transformative leadership’. Caldwell, et al. (2011) asserts that a key to long-term wealth creation is the alignment of the organisations strategic human resource management (SHRM) to their goals, values and priorities coupled with congruent and effective leadership. Smith and Hindman (2007: 21) suggest that the challenge for the human resource professional is to determine ‘how to create a set of employment policies that provide increasing standards of living, fair treatment and adequate job security for employees, while at the same time providing adequate profits for the firm?’ Reason would suggest that this is not enough. Ethical relativism suggests that morality is relative to the norms of each individual’s culture. Schumann (2001: 93) produces an argument ‘that the theory of ethical relativism should be rejected and that it is meaningful to search for universal moral principles’. Schumann (2001) asserts that his moral principles framework incorporating five basic ethical rules or principles, would provide managers guidance, whilst pursuing profits. And yet, Winstanley and Woodall (2006) argue that there are still no universally agreed upon ethical frameworks. Much debate centres on the ethics of organisations human resources. Greenwood, (2002) goes further to suggest concerns regarding the naming of human resources suggesting that this can place staff in the same position as office equipment. Employees are much more that the wheel that turns any organisation. Friedman (2009: 229) identifies ‘†¦ human capital as the critical value driver of corporate reputation’. This reminds us that organisational ethics can impact upon the organisations internal and external stakeholders. Winstanley and Woodall (2006:5) provides a strong case for the ethical ‘rearmament’ of HR professionals, by suggesting practical ways in which the exercise of ethical sensitivity and awareness might become a legitimate reference point alongside the prevalent recourse to arguments justifying ‘the business case’, strategic fit’ and ‘best practice’. Mathenge (2011: 8) makes the observation that ‘A tension often exists between a company’s financial goals and strategies to improve profits, and ethical considerations with right-behavior concerns’. Finally, Smith and Hindman (2007: 29) reinforce the important point that ‘Every business decision must succeed along three dimensions – it must be operationally effective, legally compliant, and morally defensible’. Conclusion ‘Organizations that integrate principles of ethical leadership with a strategic approach to HRM optimize the maximization of values and outcomes and achieve results which pay off long-term (Collins and Clarke, 2003: Caldwell et al, 2011). Friedman (2009: 240) sums up this review by stating that by positively impacting a corporation’s reputation ‘†¦HR managers need to occupy an influential position in the organizational structure, participate in strategic planning and develop efficient organizational practices that are aligned with corporate reputation goals’. Review 2 – Employment Relations Introduction The implementation of the 2009 Fair Work Act had hoped to ‘†¦ usher in a new regime of good-faith workplace relations, support for collective bargaining and vulnerable workers’ access to enforceable labour rights’ (Barnes and Lafferty, 2010: 1). This literature review will identify the salient changes wrought by the 2009 Fair Work Act and suggest that there has been a reduction of managers’ prerogatives to make decisions although Australia has not been forced back to the ‘bad old days’ of conciliation, arbitration and rolling strikes. Neo-liberalism The advent of the Fair Work Act can be considered to have its foundations in neo-liberalism, which espouses the values of deregulated and competitive market place providing free market outcomes. Neo-liberalism was considered to have its modest reforms under the Hawke administration through its 1993 legislation (Michelson, Jamieson and Burgess, 2009: Bray and Underhill, 2009). With the passing of the Coalition government’s Workplace Relations Act of 1996 and Workplace Relations Amendment (WorkChoices) Act of 2005, decollectivisation was advanced ‘by banning compulsory unionism, eliminating legal mechanisms to protect the right of unions to bargain collectively, expanding the availability of non-union agreements and sanctions against unauthorised strikes’ (Lee and Peetz, 1998). Prior to the election of the Rudd Labour Government in 2007, Australian union membership had fallen by 27 percent from 46 per cent in 1986 to 19 per cent in 2007 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Fair Work Act Far from the hope of a ‘new regime of good-faith workplace relations’, ‘The Fair Work Act has been called ‘Work Choices Lite’ because it has much in common with the legislation it replaced’ (Barnes and Lafferty, 2010: 1 & 5). ‘Rather than overlapping with anti-discrimination legislation, the Fair Work Act provides a new set of general protections against attribute-based conduct by employers’†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœto provide a new regime of protection against workplace discrimination’ (Barnes and Lafferty, 2010: 6). Nelson (2009) and Barnes and Lafferty (2010) identify the key features or principles of the Fair Work Act, as: †¢ A safety net of minimum employment conditions †¢ Good faith bargaining obligations and rules †¢ Unfair dismissal provisions †¢ Family life balance †¢ The right to have representation †¢ Fair legislation and protection for low paid employees The Fair Work Act did not return Australia to the unfettered industrial strike action of earlier years. Protected industrial action, strikes and work-to-rules by employees would only be supported under the Act, during enterprise bargaining, if approved by a majority of employees through a mandatory secret ballot and after first obtaining a secret ballot order (Nelson, 2009). To emphasise this point, Hubbard (2012: 18) suggests that there is a large hole in the Fair Work Act that can be found in large scale and intractable disputes where the ‘†¦the legislation places no pressure on Australian employers to do more than sit politely at the table (surface bargaining)’. Hubbard (2012: 18) states that ‘†¦the right to take protected industrial action is hollow for many groups of workers’ where ‘A company makes an application to take away workers rights to protected industrial action, by initiating its own industrial action, which it then claims is significantly harming the Australian economy!’. Hubbard (2012: 19) goes on to state ‘on matters of workplace flexibility and ‘managerial prerogative’, members of Fair Work Australia (FWA) have been historically reluctant to impose conditions or restraints’, especially in economically significant industries, which was highlighted through the Qantas case. Conclusion The Fair Work Act has been shown to have not returned Australia to conciliation, arbitration and rolling strikes and has been shown above to have major weaknesses that can be exploited by organisations. Arbitration through the Act is limited to ‘last resort’ arbitration as outlined by the Australian Government Solicitor (2009). I conclude that although managerial prerogative has been eroded under the Fair Work Act, specifically through removal of the â€Å"operational reasons† clause, seen to be abused under Work Choices, all managerial options have not been removed. With the implementation of good faith bargaining replacing arbitration, there is a clear indication that HRM imbedded in the guiding principles of the Act, can reinforce ethical HRM.

A Character Sketch of Rudolph Steiner (the Green Door by O’Henry)

Rudolph Steiner belongs to the middle class of American society of the beginning of the 20th century. He is a piano salesman, a commonplace citizen on the one hand, but on the other hand he is (as the author characterizes him) â€Å"a true adventurer; few were the evenings on which he didn’t go forth from his hall bedchamber in search of the unexpected†. No matter where he goes, he tries to find an adventure in every thing possible. His adventurous spirit has already led him â€Å"into strange paths† several times, but he still retains it. This time, having received a card with the inscription â€Å"Green Door† from a dispenser in the street, he undertakes another evening journey. Rudolph Steiner is a commonplace American and not an American at the same time. He lives here but he is quite different from the capitalist majority. O’Henry characterizes Rudolph indirectly through his speech: †This is ridiculous to go without eatingI’m coming back tomorrow to see how you are getting along – you can’t get rid of me so easily†. This difference was (in those days) and is vitally important nowadays, Rudolph is deeply humane, despite the unspoken law of the society (as consequences of the so-called â€Å"social darvinism† – the fittest survive); he treats poor people the same way as all others and the financial state of a person he deals with is of no difference for him. We can draw this conclusion from his conduct towards the girl: he understands not only her helplessness, but spends his (probably all his) money to support her , to take her out of trouble, showing his philanthropic nature. Rudolph is awarded: the girl turns out not to be of the kind he thought before. He says: â€Å"All the same, I believe it was the hand of Fate that doped out the way for me to find her†. Rudolph Steiner is a character to draw people people’s attention to an acute problem of the society, to the disparaging treatment of the poor. The general outline of the story makes some critics think that it’s just for entertainment, like many others available on sale†, but it’s a one to make us think thanks to the character of Rudolph Steiner, a favourable exception among the majority.

Educator Role Plan Essay

Envisioning my future and creating my personal strategic plan addressing my professional development needs for my career is imperative as I face changes in my career post-graduation. Realizing my strengths and weaknesses will allow for development in the areas of need. Faculty educators may perform different roles such as advisors and mentors. A strategic plan with set goals and sub-objectives will allow for prioritization and planning in meeting the requirements of the different roles. Professional organizations such as the National League of Nursing (NLN) also allow for networking opportunities, resources, and tools to meet the goals. Strengths and Weaknesses â€Å"Preparing new nurse educators, nurse educator curricula must address the core knowledge and skills essential for effectiveness and excellence in the nurse educator role† (Kalb, 2008, p. 217). Identifying strengths and weaknesses will enable the nurse educator to address and develop areas that are considered weaknesses and flourish in areas of strength. My primary weakness is that when work is slow, I tend to become less motivated. While some nurses would take that extra time on the floor to catch up on menial tasks, I would take the time to relax. I realized that early in my career as a floor nurse, so I would always ask for the first admission or look for ways to assist the team. With that being said, my strength from that is that I work well under stress. The closer I get to a deadline, the better my thought process seems to work. In order to develop my weakness, it is important that I manage the down time appropriately. Strategic Plan The nurse educator role, whether it is as faculty, school nurse, or public health, is essential to the development of the profession. â€Å"Nursing faculty drive the work that occurs in schools of nursing† (Milone-Nuzzo & Lancaster, 2004, p. 506). Nurse educators are the key to preparing a workforce that will provide quality care for the communities in which they serve. There is a core of skills and knowledge that the nurse educator will require, regardless of his or her particular role. The responsibilities of educators in various settings may differ in certain aspects, but the main role of any educator is to facilitate learning. â€Å"One method of future planning is to reflect on several possible scenarios and create a vision to support the desired outcome† (Hinojosa, 2012, p. 34). Faculty educators may perform roles such as advisors, lecture and clinical education sessions, skills labs, faculty committees, mentoring, maintaining competencies and accreditations. Faculty is responsible for curriculum development, student assessment and evaluation, and integrating appropriate teaching styles where necessary (Finke, 2009). To meet the objective to perform the roles, goals should be set with clear sub-objectives to identify the plan over the three to five year setting. Goal #1 To become an active member in the profession of nursing faculty at the local community college. Sub-Objective #1 In order to meet my goal, my first sub-objective would be to complete my education in the Master of Science in Nursing in education (MSN/ED) with the University of Phoenix. Sub-Objective #2 After graduation, I would develop a resume indicating educational and career background. Sub-Objective #3 I will apply, interview, and accept employment at the local community college, thereby meeting my goal. Goal #2 To commit myself to continual and lifelong learning to ensure I am knowledgeable and qualified to teach. Sub-Objective #1 After completion of the MSN/ED program at University of Phoenix, determine if more education for either nurse practitioner or Doctorate will be indicated for career advancement. Sub-Objective #2 Continue my education through continuing education units that will enhance and develop previous learning. Sub-Objective #3 Increase knowledge of culturally diverse students to better assist them in their learning experience. Professional Organization The NLN is an organization that addresses the academic spectrum of nursing programs. The NLN includes nurse faculty members and is â€Å"committed to delivering improved, enhanced, and expanded services to its members and championing the pursuit of quality nursing education for all types of nursing education programs† (National League of Nursing, 2014, para. 2). The NLN provides tools, activities, and resources to ensure the success of nursing educators. This organization offers career development and networking opportunities. Conclusion The NLN is a professional organization that provides resources for the members to be successful in nursing education. As new nursing faculty, a strategic plan with set goals will be key to meet the demands of a nursing educator. Development of strengths and weaknesses will allow for professional growth and development and I face the changes in my career post-graduation. References Finke, L.M. (2009). Philosophical foundations of the Curriculum. In D.M. Billings, & J. A. Halstead (Eds.), Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty (3rd ed., pp. 3-17). St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier. Hinojosa, J. (2012). Personal strategic plan development: Getting ready for changes in our professional and personal lives. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(3), e34-8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017693193?accountid=458 Kalb, K. A. (2008). Core competencies of nurse educators: Inspiring EXCELLENCE in nurse educator practice. Nursing Education Perspectives, 29(4), 217-9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/236656695?accountid=458 Milone-Nuzzo, P., & Lancaster, J. (2004). Looking through the right end of the telescope: Creating a focused vision for a school of nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(11), 506-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/203966935?accountid=458 National League for Nursing. (2014). Faculty pr ograms and resources. Retrieved from http://www.nln.org/

The Effects of Alcoholism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Effects of Alcoholism - Research Paper Example As a result, they seek to drown these issues in an alcoholic fog. However, more recent science has suggested there is another, deeper cause to alcoholism that can only be found in the genes. Alcohol affects the brain more than any other bodily organ. â€Å"The brain is damaged through the drinker's behavior changes and emotional distress. Three noticeable effects of alcohol injury to the brain: memory loss, confusion, and augmentation.† (Dunlap) Everyone experiences alcohol differently. Because it is something experienced differently by different bodies, there are a number of effects that can be felt depending on the body, how much of what kind of drink is consumed over how long of a period of time and whether or not food was consumed with it. Alcohol can act as a stimulant and as a sedative, but it is not an effective tranquilizer, anesthetic or health boost. Alcoholism is â€Å"a progressive neurological disease strongly influenced by genetic vulnerability. Inherited or acq uired abnormalities in brain chemistry create an altered response to alcohol which is turn causes a wide array of physical, psychological, and behavioral problems† (Katherine/Asbury pg. 46).

Hundred Years War Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hundred Years War - Assignment Example Under their rule, they united England and a part of continent in the Northern France. In 12th century the possessions of English kings in France were significantly increased due to the marriage connections in Central and Western France. After a long and difficult struggle, the French monarchy managed to regain all these lands in the early 13th century. Together with the traditional possessions of French kings these lands formed the core of the modern France. However, there were left the territories between the Pyrenees and the Loire Valley under the English rule. In England these territories were called the Gascony (Duiker, and Spielvogel 378). The latter became one the main causes of the Hundred Years War. Further preservation of the English rule in the South Western part of France made the condition of the Capetian Dynasty insecure. It prevented the political centralization of the country. For England, instead, these possessions could serve a platform for an effort to restore the p revious vast ownership on the continent. Another object of sharp contradictions was Scotland. Its independence was threatened by England’s invasions. In search of political support in Europe, Scottish kings sought to alliance with France, the main opponents of the English crown (Allmand 9). With the worsening of Anglo-French conflict, both monarchies also tried to strengthen their positions in the Iberian Peninsula. Pyrenean countries were of the particular interest for English kings, because they bordered with the English Gascony. All these resulted in the military-political alliances: the Franco-Castilian, the Franco-Scottish, and the alliance between the British Crown and the towns of Flanders (Netherlands) (Allmand 23). The history of Hundred Years War is relatively divided into four stages, between which there were period of relatively long calm. The first stage began with the declaration

G Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

G - Research Paper Example Its first product was the Toyota AA and ever since, it has grown and incorporated other brands in its production. Such brands include Scion, Ranz, Lexus, as well as Hino. The company has also invested heavily in other automobile industry such as Isuzu, Daihatsu, Tesla, Sichuan FAW Toyota, and Fuji Corporation. Toyota Corporation was first incepted in the year 1933. During this year, the corporation was a subsidiary of the Toyoda Automatic Corporation. The Toyoda Corporation was run by Toyoda Kiichiro. The company’s first automobiles were the A1 and G1 that were manufactured in 1935. It was after the first production of the Automobiles that Toyota Corporation moved to establish an independent company that would allow total control of the production activities of its automobiles. This establishment took place in the year 1937 under the leadership of Toyoda Kiichiro. During this time, the immediate competitors of the company were Ford and GM motors. However, in order to provide an incentive to the customers and boost sales, the company decided to sell its automobiles at a cheaper price than its immediate competitors. The sale price of the model AA was only 3,350 yens. Ford sold their first car at a more expensive price that involved paying 400 yens more. Since then, Toyota Corporation has established more than one hundred subsidiaries. The company recognizes five principles. They include teamwork, kaizen, challenge, respect, and ‘go and see’. The company has general guidelines called the ‘Toyota Way 2001’ that lay out various policies and guidelines in which every employee in the organization ought to follow. Liker (21) suggests that Toyota Corporation focuses its efforts more on addressing the importance as well as the positive experiences of owning private quality vehicles. Its mission is to provide high quality and affordable automobiles on a global scale. In its corporate strategy to mitigate risks, Toyota has always been upfront